Japan - a country located in East Asia.Located on the 4 major islands (Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku and Koshu), and numerous small, adjacent to it.The country - about 372,200 sq.km.The population - about 122 million, of which more than 99% of Japanese nationality.The country's capital - Tokyo (about 12 million).
Japan is a monarchy headed by the emperor, but under the Constitution of 1889, legislative power is exercised by the emperor, together with the Parliament.
Japan's economy has evolved under the influence of many factors.At the end of the 60s of the 19th century unfinished bourgeois revolution opened a new stage in the history of capitalism in Japan.Held on the eve of a large-scale bourgeois reforms cleared the way for the development of capitalism in the country.Success was a process of turning the country into an imperialist power.
Japanese economy since 1940 has been put at the service of foreign policy.The country has entered into a military alliance with Germany and Italy, and in 1941 entered the Second World War.Only after the defeat in 1945 militarist Japan in the country began to be held some democratic reforms.
reform model that characterized the post-war economy of Japan, had the following characteristics.The development of production has become a priority over all others, the country refused to follow "the laws of the free market."As a result of "shock economic therapy", by 1949, the Japanese industrial production was almost completely restored.
government pursued such investment and structural policies, which contributed to the formation of branches, peculiar to industrialized countries.Japan's economy after World War II was developed in the framework of the course of uncompromising protection natskapitala in manufacturing, banking and other sectors, as well as carried out their protection of agriculture by means of subsidies and protectionist policies.
All this has led to the fact that the Japanese economy has become characterized by a particular model of development, which became known as the planning and the market.Administrative regulation combined with the economic system of private enterprise.
new Constitution in 1947 declared democratic liberties and rights.Agrarian reform has transferred much of the redemption of the landed estates to the peasants.Underwent fragmentation of large monopolies.
60s-70s - a time when Japan is in the world economy has become particularly prominent figure.It has become the second power of the capitalist world gross domestic product and industrial production.
Who GDP exceeds 11% of the world, in terms of the per capita GNP of the country ahead of the United States.It accounts for about 12% of industrial production in the world.Almost complete adaptation of the economy to the "expensive yen."Already there was a transition to a new model of economic development of the country, putting into focus the problem of domestic consumption, not exports.
