so-called incomplete sentences, that is, those in which one member is missing, often found in colloquial and literary language.Absent in them can not only secondary, but also members of the main proposals - subject or predicate.
their semantic load easily restored as from the context (of the proposals that precede this), and knowledge of the interlocutor or reader situation.
example of incomplete sentences:
- Where is your brother?
- I left.
where "Gone" - an incomplete sentence composed of a single word.It omitted the subject, but can be understood from the foregoing statements, about whom there is a speech (oh brother).
definition of complexity is the distinction between parent and single-composition proposals, which omitted any subject or predicate.You can use the following criteria.For example, in the sentence "In the forest, pick berries," it is unclear exactly who commits an act.Take another example: "Where are your friends?- In the forest, pick berries. "Here, the subject is omitted, but the context can easily determine who performs the specified action (girlfriend).So, in the first case we are dealing with the single, and the second - with an incomplete two-part proposal, although the list of words in them are quite similar.
It should be noted that the dialogue with incomplete sentences - is the most common, typical situation of their use.Teachers, examining such examples in educational practice, simply create the students an idea of the incomplete sentences as a variety of full - as opposed to single-composition proposals, one of which (a must!) The main members are not passed, but simply impossible.To do this, it is also possible to compare the complete and incomplete sentences.The incomplete all members retain the same grammatical form and function as full.In turn, the compound offers may also be incomplete, if the word that they missed, can be easily restored from the context:
- How do they call you, girl?
- Maria.
Incomplete sentences (Examples can be found below) may be of two types, depending on how the recovered their meaning: contextual or situational.Within the first release:
1. Simple sentences in which there are no individual members (options - subject, predicate, subject and predicate, verb, and object, verb and circumstance finally circumstance or addition in the existing definition in the proposal relating tothe absence of its members).This type includes the so-called elliptical sentences that many linguists isolated Hotel view.Their characteristic feature is that the meaning of the sentence is revealed without missing its members (most often it is the predicate).Moreover, in many cases it is impossible to determine which word is missing or out of context or of the situation.For example:
behind us - the river.
The proposal dash can be replaced, for example, the word "is", "lies", "left" and so forth. What is it, it is not possible to install.
2. Compound sentences in which "fell out", that is, to remain anonymous or principal, or paranasal part.
3. Included in the complex incomplete sentences, which is not called a member, is available in other parts of slozhnosochinennogo, or conjunctionless of a complex sentence.For example:
summer days are longer, and winter - in short (supply slozhnosochinennoe).
situational called incomplete sentences, in which the meaning of the absent members of the situation is clear:
I am now in blue.
incomplete should be distinguished from the offer, in a compound having the nominal predicate the so-called zero ligament that indicate the present time, the indicative mood:
Knowledge - force.
As for punctuation in incomplete sentences, then they often put dashes.Its role in this case, as mentioned above, - replacement of missing words, usually predicate.
I came from classes early and sister - later.
In this example, a dash replaces the word "come", avoiding the incorrect, unnecessary repetition.
on the table - bread and fruit.
In this example, instead of eating a dash missing predicate (elliptical sentence).
