Any economy needs insurance as a safety margin.Such a margin of safety is Russia's Stabilization Fund, which has become a continuation of the development budget, pledged in 1998 and was finally formed by 2004.
main item of income the state budget today - energy exports, which makes the Russian economy heavily dependent on world oil prices.Russian main source of income is not eternal, and therefore operates in the time domain.In addition, most countries are developing economic programs for energy efficiency.And Russia should reduce its dependence on the general price hikes for energy.
idea of the budget (1998) was based on the need to finance the state's largest and most important facilities of the country, which could become a kind of "locomotive" in the coming crisis.
new supply stabilization fund was initially opposite of "development budget".Originally, there was supposed to insure the establishment of reserves for the financing of the budget at falling prices for "black gold" (oil), which would facilitate control of possible inflation, since the surplus planned to invest in the largest foreign assets.In addition, the RF Stabilization Fund would allow to solve the problems in the system of financing public pensions.The idea of establishing a fund supported by almost all: the practice of functioning of such funds in other countries already proven its worth.
On 1.02.2008 created the stabilization fund is divided into: the Reserve Fund (about 3.7 billion rubles.) And National (National Welfare (about 783 billion. Rub.). The total amount of profits tied to the GDP grew by about 1%per year, and since 2010 was fixed at around 3,7%.
control and management of the fund lies with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The order of the control is defined by the Government. Part of management powers given to the Central Bank of Russia (according to the agreement with the GovernmentRF).
Stabilization Fund, according to the destination may be partially placed in bonds of other countries, the list of which is approved by the Russian Government. Office tools can be implemented in several ways, both individual and simultaneous. The main directions:
- acquisition debtobligations of other states;
- purchase the currencies of other countries (with its placement on the accounts, with interest payments).
It would seem that the creation of the fund - it is profitable and clearly brings profit and profit great and fast.Then why is the mechanism of management of the Fund is the cause of such a high attention, not only social scientists, lawyers, financiers, economists and political scientists, but also the public at large?The answer lies in the substantial differences between the theory and practice of presenting operation.Undoubtedly the positive positioning of the fund on the one hand and negative factors - the other, in particular:
- organizational problems;
- doubtful expediency in economic terms;
- inefficiency of the legal provision;
- dissatisfaction taxpayers;
- psycho-emotional stress society as a whole.
topic is relevant and has gained a national character.Four years ago, VTsIOM (Research Center opinion Society) conducted a survey, which found 90% of Russians are in favor of "re-entry" of the stabilization fund, 5% of the remaining believe that the fund spending should not be about 5% of doubt the need for such action.Of these, 90% of respondents 32% offer to give money for health care, 28% - to increase pensions, 26% - for an increase to the salaries of state employees, 19% - to education, 3% - on social benefits (orphans, the disabled).
clear-minded citizens.It is impossible to disagree with the populist and notorious statement S. Glazyev: "Government policy is immoral and absurd. When poverty wages, with disastrous underfunding of health and education, with the expansion of the law enforcement system that is affected by corruption, the freezing of hundreds of billions of rubles is unacceptable."
Cash flows Foundation today remain a mystery for a variety of seals.See where, how and under whose orders moving budget funds, today ordinary citizen of Russia is impossible because the information remains inaccessible.
