Average basic education is an intermediary between primary and higher levels of education.
Historical information
secondary education took shape as an intermediate step between the elementary and university types of education in the late Middle Ages.This was due to the progress of culture, science and industry.In Russia, during the XV-XVI centuries.the structure of secondary education corresponded to the classical type of education.Grammar schools have become the main type of education.After a few centuries of national education of the general type has become more and more spread.At the beginning of the XX century, in most countries secondary education was confirmed and was divided into structural elements.Now, the standard system of education has two types: general and special.Before the XX century secondary education in Russia can be obtained mainly in secondary schools.The training took place in the commercial and real schools.Secondary education as a concept in Russia, has several meanings.The term may be a synonym to multiple definitions.In particular, the knowledge that gives high school.Education can also be a complete professional.Sometimes the term ("secondary education") is used as a characteristic of the low quality of education.
General secondary education
This level of training is not a special or professional.To the modern mind the general education refers several components.In a broad sense, this is the initial, pre-school, primary, secondary, and complete additional training for children.Nevertheless, often there are times when the first two above-mentioned elements are treated separately and are not included in the term "basic education."This is due to the requirements to the level of students' knowledge.In the first two cases, training is a kind of introductory character.In a number of countries, including in Russia, the first three levels of education are taken for general secondary education.It is completely different, different from the primary and pre-school, a form of learning.
structure.Preschool education
This kind of learning is designed for children aged 2-7 years.The program includes the development of physical, personal and intellectual qualities of some.The objectives of pre-school education can be quite different.It depends on the culture, traditions and laws, as well as the approach to teaching in each country.It can be implemented through various traditional institutions to be binding or not.Russian pre-school education is carried out mainly in institutions - preschool.Yet it can be realized in centers of additional education and at home.
According to statistics, in Russia at the moment, a huge number of young families have a child who is not secured a place in preschool.One of the main problems of modern family policy is to teach parents basic principles of pre-school education.
Some
This type of training is the first step of all, which make up the general secondary education.This is quite an important stage of learning in many countries, including in Russia.During primary education, children acquire and develop a set of desired qualities.They are starting to get the first information about the world and learn to solve applied problems and improve communication skills.At this stage, the process of formation of the child's personality.
main level
This type represents the second stage of a full education.The main aim, which is pursued at this level, which is incorporated into basic education, is the creation of certain conditions for the development of the student's interests and aptitudes, as well as the formation and the formation of his personality.This step is mandatory and necessary for the transition to the next level of learning.In developed countries, the Education Act defines this type of training as mandatory for all eligible children.Moreover, in the advanced countries, this level of learning must be available to the public, that is, free of charge.Training takes place in the school.Virtually all of the above items are usually reflected in the constitution.
program of secondary education in Russia is designed for nine years.The final examination students take at the end of the last year of study.Test your knowledge in accordance with rules which the GEF provides secondary education.As a result of the examination revealed the ability of each student.The educational program of secondary education gives children a basic course knowledge.Some schools provide in-depth study of specific subjects.With a certificate of secondary general education, in future graduate can go to one of the following levels of education.
The final stage
This type of learning is the third level of general education.The aim is the formation of student ability for self-learning and development of their creative abilities.The legislation of the Russian Federation stipulates that this type of education is public, but it will not be binding.And if the general secondary education - a nine-year basic course, then complete a preparatory stage before entering the university.The success of the entrance exams to the institute to a large extent depends on the results of final tests.Domestic complete general education training involves the following steps: initial, basic general and two senior class.
In a number of other developed countries, the final stage of some longer.In Germany, for example, it is four years.It is for this reason that only a small part of domestic certificates fully listed abroad.In fact, the majority of students from Russia have no opportunity to be enrolled in almost all foreign universities.Secondary education in Russia completed the delivery of the unified state exam.His result is calculated in points.The number determines the possibility of admission to a particular college.In addition to the schools, there are also evening schools, lyceums and gymnasiums.
Additional education for children.Highlights
This type is variative component of general education.Additional training is designed to help students develop the need for creativity and knowledge of the world.The purpose of the incentive program is to assist in the process of self-realization of the child, in the personal and professional determination.The term originated in the early 90s with the changes in a number of legal acts of the Russian Federation.In children additional education has many interpretations.Most researchers believe that it is necessary to understand a systematic process of training and education via the implementation of structured educational programs.
Legal aspects
Every person is entitled to accessible and free education.In Russia and some other developed countries, it is fixed in the constitution.Also currently in many countries general education is not only a right but also an obligation.
organizational issues
general education is carried out in the municipal, state and private institutions.Creating a recent series in education in some countries is strictly prohibited.In the Russian Federation educational institutions of different levels can be licensed.In many states, complete general education is free.At least the third of its level.As a rule, because of the direction of social policy providing support for the entire education system.
Standard requirements
quality of secondary education, as well as curriculum development and training of students, supervised by the public authorities.This happens in each country.These standards are different from those in higher education.The latter have an international focus.Uniform standards for secondary education does not actually exist.Similarly, we can consider the general requirements regarding the duration of training in their respective institutions.In most cases, this period lasts for more than a decade.There is also a need for the final exams for students.In many developed countries, the number of objects handed varies from 6 to 12.
most progressive states provides thirteen middle course of study.At the same time domestic practice to only eleven years of education and the minimum number of required exam - only two.These subjects are mathematics and Russian, and the rest shall be for the individual choice of each student if they are necessary for admission to the university.
graduate is entitled to receive a certificate, if the tests showed positive results in two main disciplines.State policy pays special attention to the strategic importance of the educational direction.For this reason, international organizations monitor changes in basic learning, in spite of the lack of common standards.According to the results of these studies, the quality of education has declined considerably, and this trend continues.
