The fact that our luminary at times appear dark patterns, says the proverb, expressing the opinion that in the world there is no one and nothing is perfect: "And there are spots on the sun."Such phenomena have been observed with the naked eye for a long time, and this is evidenced by the fossil record.For example, the Russian chronicles mention that sunspots were seen "ako nails."And the truth is, if you watch the main star of our system through a glass darkly, we can see some points, sometimes gathering in pieces larger or smaller.What is this phenomenon, and what impact it has for the inhabitants of the earth?
First of all, I must say that in order to see without a telescope spots on the sun, they should have a diameter of not less than one hundred thousand kilometers, which is several tens of times the size of our planet.And it is clear that such a huge cataclysm can not pass unnoticed in the world, after all, life on our planet depends entirely on solar energy.So what's going on out there in the fiery surface over millions of kilometers away?This question was asked before the people.Galileo sketched observed dark spots, and noted that they are not homogeneous.They consist of black like the nucleus (called Galileo is a shadow) and darkened circle (penumbra).
genius scientist one of the first noted that sunspots are not uniformly observed everywhere, and in its mid-latitudes.They seem to originate at the poles, and then "slide" to the equator, but never reach it.In 1841, scientists have concluded that such a "spot" of light has a frequency - about 11 years.First, there are few, scattered, small point, then there are more, they congregate in groups in which there are two gigantic dark surface - on the eastern and the western edge of the group.After studying in the twentieth century, the polarity of these phenomena, scientists have come to the conclusion that they - as the two opposite poles of a magnet.
Why do I get a spot on the sun?Astrologers attribute this phenomenon to the increased activity of the magnetic field of the star (which, incidentally, also has a periodicity of 11 years).Increased circulation of solar plasma, the emissions rise to prominence process of the emergence of magnetic fields.This in turn leads to that the temperature in a certain location substance falls fifteen hundred degrees compared with the surrounding surface photosphere.Since the radiation in a "cool" place weakens our eye perceives this area as a dark spot.
Play Do some role appear and disappear dark spots on the solar disk on the ordinary course of life on Earth?On their own, probably not.But as sunspots indicate increasing activity of the stars, they serve as a kind of "storm warning" we, the people.Magnetic storms and the strong flow of the particles affects not only the increase in blood pressure that is fraught for hypertensive patients not only increase the risk of heart attacks in those who are prone to them, but also lead to headaches and strange feeling tired quite healthy people.Moreover, solar activity can even hinder the work of translational towers, communication with pilots and ground controllers disrupt mobile communications.
But dark spots from the sun depends very indirectly.Skin element responsible for melanin production, and darkening of the skin (in the form of a general Sun or as a dark spot), is produced by ultraviolet radiation.The more we absorb these rays, the skin produces more melanin.But our exposure to UV waves depends, rather, not from the sun, and from the protection of the Earth's atmospheric layer.The notorious ozone hole - a result of our neglect of ecology - thins the protective layer of the atmosphere, so the enhanced ultraviolet irradiation.There are also seasonal fluctuations in the value of the atmospheric temperature.For example, in spring (May - June) the upper layers have not yet warmed up, and the sun rises already high.Therefore tan May - the most dangerous: it can lead to unwanted spots and sunburn.
