Rocks and minerals - is a special compound materials forming the earth's crust.All solids in the universe and the planets of a similar type to the Earth formed from rocks.Usually the phrase "rock" is broader than the word "minerals" as the first made up of different types of minerals.All the rocks vary in texture and structure.
texture - this particular arrangement of minerals relative to each other, their distribution in a particular order.For example, where no order is not observed, it is called a massive structure.We ate well, archaeologists say they have unearthed some specific layer, it means that in this geographical area layered arrangement of rocks (rocks and minerals) do not mix, and superimposed on one another.
In nature, there are very beautiful places of miraculous - it underground caves both large and small.So, their education takes place in the bubble rock - such voids left behind gases stand out from the ground.A shale rock?It looks like this in the slice just fabulous!The slice may be colored when the minerals become flat shape and extend in the same direction.
classification of rocks originally based on three parameters:
1. Primary breed - they are igneous.
2. Secondary breed - they are sedimentary.
3. Metamorphic rocks - they can still be called modifications.
magmatic rocks and minerals are formed by the solidification of magma that came to the surface.Because of a certain number of conditions and constantly changing temperatures and various environmental factors produced rocks with different properties and structure.Igneous rocks are divided into effusive and deep.The latter have a greater strength and a dense crystal structure.The most famous representatives of this type of rock is basalt and granite.
Sedimentary rocks are formed under the influence of external factors such as temperature changes, the impact of the external environment - rain, snow, solar radiation and atmospheric gases.Sedimentary rocks are divided into Organogenic, chemical and loose.
metamorphic rocks and minerals are formed as a result of changes in the structure of the Earth's surface.This happens during earthquakes, shifts of the earth's crust.This mix different layers and types of rocks - both sedimentary and igneous.
Translated from the Latin, mineral ("miner") means "ore."Composition minerals - is the chemical elements that are formed in various complex physical and chemical processes.Minerals - a natural crystalline substance.But the shape of the crystal are not all minerals.
Classification of mineral origin based on their basic division into primary and secondary.The primary concern are those which were formed during solidification of the magma.Such minerals include mica, silica and sulfur.Secondary minerals formed in vivo when exposed to various external factors.This may be the residue of salt water solutions during the weathering of primary minerals and the destruction of life, or the remnants of various living organisms.These minerals include common salt, sylvite and gypsum.
The chemical composition of minerals can be native (gold, diamond, platinum, copper), sulfide (ore copper ore of mercury, lead), halide (potassium salt and stone), oxides (formed as a result of exposure to oxygen: hematite, quartz,ironstone), carbonates (malachite, marble), sulfate (gypsum refers to them), phosphate (apatite), silicate (chrysotile, talc, mica).
