Despite the fact that the Great Roman Empire no longer exists, the interest in this period of ancient history of our world is not quenched.After all, but it was the Romans were the ancestors of modern law and jurisprudence, the constitutions of many European states and their political treatises and still taught in prestigious institutions around the world.
However, even the usual arrangement of the great state of the past is no less interesting.Do you know what a province of the Roman Empire was formed and how the territorial unit?If not, then you should definitely read this article!Immediately warned that the article we will speak about Rome as a single power.The division into East and West Empire occurred after the seizure of the metropolis by the Visigoths and Ostrogoths.
general definition
In a broad sense, "province" means the land issued by some senior official of the empire in its sole control.This person within its land title had imperio.But few know that this word had just four other values.Here they are:
- As in the previous case, the "province" could be referred to a special position.So, the title pr.maritima means that the person who had the duty command of the Roman fleet.
- The same status was the person in charge of some important task.For example, pr.frumentum curare in charge of the delivery of bread.
- In addition, "the province" could even be called an enemy territory entrusted to some commander.Same Macedonia consulibus provincia decernitur, formed during the conquest of Greece.
- Finally, as is any newly conquered or given to the Roman oath area that is already installed Pax Romania, «Roman order."
should be noted that the Western Roman Empire kept the administrative way of their ancestors.All this is in the future is quite true for the Byzantine basileus.
further development of the "provincial" lifestyle
Already in the third century AD, the Romans began its rapid expansion as a result of which the territory of the Roman Empire has increased dramatically, far transcending the Italian "boot."Soon, all the land lying near the Mediterranean Sea, has turned into a Roman province.Finally, 117 AD was the culmination of a series of military successes.Possession of the empire became the most extensive.In total, the state at that time, there were 45 provinces, not counting the 12 regions in Italy.As
formed a new province?
Total Conquest was introduced clear procedures "fusion" of new areas with the other provinces of the empire: at first warlord who seized new land, it makes a preliminary distinction.Important!When discussing the Western Roman Empire, it must be said that in its borders of this "initiative" almost was not: all land operations were conducted exclusively with the knowledge and approval of the metropolis (Constantinople).
Legislative procedures
committee of 10 people appointed by the Senate, claimed "land plan", passing edicts legitimizing the interim governor.These documents immediately attached Senate orders and ulozhenija local law (if any).By the way speaking, it is the preservation of local legislation is the hallmark of the Roman state.
That is why every province of the Roman Empire (in the early period of the empire) in a sense was an independent state.
Interim
Over time, the state was strengthened, and the laws are more eager to uniformity.The value of local law falls rapidly.Increasingly, "provincial statutes" are beginning to be regulated directly by the Senate.In the end, local law code began to adjust only the general features of the control, whereas all other matters are dealt with by Roman law.Relations between Roman citizens, which was populated province of the Roman Empire, governed edictum provinciale, the Edict of the governor, which he published from taking office.
«edict" was valid only during the reign of the governor, but more often it happened that his predecessor in the document is almost no difference.The provincial administration was carried out by the praetors, proconsuls and propraetor.Their purpose was engaged in Senta, the people in these positions were changed every year.If demanded by the circumstances, the term of office could be extended, but the decision on it had the right to take all the same Senate.
last years of the empire
In the last years before the fall of Rome province run by former consuls and Pretoria.They belonged to the absolute power in the provinces controlled.This explains as completely inadequate level of corruption and incompetence of many managers who have done career, enjoying good relations with the governor.During this period, the same Syria, once the richest province of the Roman Empire was almost robbed her rulers, and the metropolis was a tiny part of the taxes collected.All this only accelerates the coming collapse of the once great state.
list of Roman provinces and years of their occurrence
So, we list the main province of which was the Eastern Roman Empire.The dating of the base does not pass-through, as their conquest belong to different political periods in the history of the Roman state.The first "under the wing" of Rome stood Sicily, and after it - Sardinia and Corsica.It happened in the 241 and 231 years BC, respectively.After they had conquered far and near Spain.
happened in 197 g e. N.e.It should be noted that in the 27 years before the Christian era of Further Spain was isolated province of Lusitania.Two years after this country has grown province of Galati.As you can see, by the beginning of a new era map of the Roman Empire it was impressive in its diversity.In the year 120 BC.e.It was conquered Gaul Narbonne.Aquitaine, Belgian and Lugdunskoy province of Numidia, and were attached to Rome in the 50 BC, but separate, full-fledged subjects of the empire began only in the 17th year of our era.Province of Rhaetia and Noricum - '15 BC.
So, continue.Alpes-Maritimes were joined in '14 (Kottiyskie Alps became part of Rome only at the infamous Nero).About the time of the infusion of the Alps to Rome Peninskih nothing is known for sure, but we can assume that this did not happen before the year 200.
Upper and Lower Germany were conquered in the 17th year.Around the same time, the province was founded Cappadocia.
Britain Eastern Roman Empire finally conquered only in 43, but the first outposts were established there long before.Upper and Lower Pannonia was conquered about 10 year.Originally they were a single province, but during the reign of Trajan (around 105 years) it was divided into two parts for ease of management.The same thing happened to the Upper and Lower Miziey.Conquering the 29 year division occurred during the reign of Domitian, the date of the event is unknown.
militant Thrace became a Roman province in 46.Dacia followed her after only 100 years old, and behind it - Arabia, Armenia and Assyria.Then Rome created the province with the name ... Asia.Dalmatia the Romans "mastered" between 159 and 169 years, and ten years before they founded province of Africa.Macedonia and Achaia subdued at around the same time (give or take a decade).Date of occurrence of the province Epir is not exactly known.The recent history of the Roman Empire states as soon as that happened during the reign of Emperor Vespasian.
hereinafter "purchase»
Egypt fell 30 BC.e.The history of the provinces and Vifiya Pont.Conquered in 74 years before the birth of Christ (together with the provinces of Cyrenaica and Crete), they were greatly expanded in just nine years.Finally, seven years after the beginning of our era its territory again significantly rooted.Approximately the same thing happened with the Lycia and Pamphylia.The latter won another 25 years before the birth of Christ, and the attack on Lycia managed to finish only in 43 BC.e.
conquest of Cilicia stretched from 64 BC to 67 a year after the birth of Christ.Cyprus and Syria failed to connect at about the same time.Mesopotamia was able to include in the state still in the year 115, but after a couple of years a new province was lost.Return it was only half a century.
should complete our list of Tingitanskoy Caesarea and Mauritania, which became part of the state 40 years after the birth of Christ.Thus, the history of the Roman Empire is inextricably linked to the conquest of new lands, by means of which the metropolis was on continued expansion, and the payoff is especially powerful enemies.
