Board of Boris Godunov is of special interest because it was he who became the first king of Russia who do not belong to the Rurik dynasty.His fate is largely contradictory.Take the country on the rise after a decade of rest from oprichnina Ivan the Terrible, the new ruler had every opportunity not only to help the country recover completely, but also to establish a new dynasty.However, he failed.It served a number of reasons, which will be discussed below.
The accession to the throne
Boris Godunov belonged to boyar clan, served for many years at the Moscow court.However, the take-off is still a young man served not so much nobility names as their own ability to survive in the court of Ivan the Terrible.During oprichnina he married the daughter Malyuta Skuratov - closest confidants of the king.Because of this he entered the circle of the monarch.
After the death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584 to ascend to the throne was his son Fedor, distinguished by poor health and lack of capable leaders.For this reason, it was created a regency council, which includes the country's most famous nobles.Very soon they all lost their jobs because of the marching in the court of the struggle for power.
1585, Boris was in fact the sole ruler of the country, being the brother-official autocrat.Fedor died 13 years later, leaving no direct heirs.For this reason, the kingdom was anointed by his next of kin.However, internal and external policies of Boris Godunov to be considered, and during his regency.
City
By the end of the XVI century the authorities from Moscow spread to thousands of kilometers of uninhabited.The reason for this was the subordination of Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberian Khanate.Domestic policy of Boris Godunov could not ignore such an important issue as the settlement of new territories.
most ambitious scope of urban planning has taken on the Volga.Here, new fortresses were needed to ensure the safety of the waterway.There Samara, Saratov and Tsaritsyn (the future Volgograd).The colonization of land, located south of the Oka and above suffered from Tatar raids.Elec has been restored, built the city of Voronezh and Belgorod.Dispatched still rare expedition to Siberia to secure new territories Cossacks rebuilt Tomsk.At the same time we strengthen existing city.So, in Moscow, it was built a new wall.
relations with other states
Domestic and foreign policy of Boris Godunov was aimed at, in order to prove the legitimacy of his rule.It served and constant contacts with Europe, by means of which the new ruler tried to establish itself as an open and a wise diplomat.Even when Theodore by his brother-in failed to end the war with Sweden.The peace treaty signed near Ivangorod, Russia was allowed to return Baltic lands lost even after an unsuccessful Livonian War.
foreign policy of Boris Godunov, the table which can be displayed in the form of numerous contacts, described him as a visionary ruler who understands the backwardness of the country.After receiving the throne of a new king filled his yard foreigners.In Moscow, gathered nobles, doctors, engineers and experts in all the different sciences.Over a century before Peter I started to send his predecessor compatriots to Europe for training.
special arrangement enjoyed the British monarch.With them he signed agreements on trade monopoly in the White Sea.For the exchange of goods was built Archangel.
In relations with the troubled neighbors - Poles - politics Boris Godunov, in short, was aimed at the preservation of peace.Another threat - the Crimean Tatars - successfully restrained.In 1591 their army came to Moscow, but it was broken.
dynastic problem
The new king was extremely important to ensure a secure future of his dynasty and procreation.This is the internal / external policies of Boris Godunov.If his son Fyodor was still too young for marriage, the daughter of Xenia just proved the perfect bride.Groom for her has been found in Denmark.They became King Christian IV's brother John.He even came to Moscow, but there died.Sudden Death gives you the right to assume that the bride was poisoned, but still found no precise evidence of this.
After that, the monarch wanted to tie their children in marriage with the noble English families, but the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603 prevented this intention.
repression
precarious situation aggravated dynasty king suspicious character.Domestic policy of Boris Godunov differed intolerance to competitors who claim to power.And if at first the sovereign treated his entourage sympathetically, in the last years of his reign in the court blossomed whistleblowing.Typical occasions for opals have become servants of the complaint and fabricated evidence.
suffered many famous knights of the family, including the Romanovs.A cousin of the late Fedor Fedor Nikitich was forcibly tonsured a monk.Later, he would be the father of the first king of the Romanov dynasty - Mikhail Fedorovich, and will also ordained patriarch.
pressure on the close was one of the grievances of the people a new autocrat.His behavior is more like a habit of Ivan the Terrible, which is characterized by paranoia and delusions of persecution.
Hunger and attempts to deal with it
The situation worsened in 1601 when the country because of the bad weather, most of the crop was lost.The famine lasted for several years.Despite the fact that this disaster did not start due to the fault of the king, superstitious masses were treated to what has happened as a celestial quads for illegal usurpation of the throne.Domestic and foreign policy of Boris Godunov became dependent on the mood of the lower classes.
Trying to save the situation, the emperor ordered to freeze the price of bread.Another measure was the restoration of St. George's Day, in which farmers can change their landlord.However, these efforts were in vain.Living standards continued to decline, and in the peasant and the Cossack environment riots began.The most famous in this series is the revolt of cotton, which brought together commoners about 20 counties in central Russia.Motley crowd to get to Moscow, and the king's army was defeated.However, this has not changed the situation in the country for the better.
appearance of an impostor
The above events were only the prerequisites for disaster overtaken Godunov.The last months of the internal / external policies of Boris Godunov was subordinated to the unrest, which stood at the head of an impostor Grigory tow, pretending to be a child of the deceased son of Ivan the Terrible.
Despite the incredible lie Lzhedmitry gathered around him a large number of supporters.The backbone of his troops became Cossacks western counties.The impostor posing as a last Rurikovich, and thus had the formal right to the throne.His army triumphantly went to Moscow, but was broken in the battle of Dobrynichah in today's Bryansk region.However impostor escaped in Putivl where he again collected an army.
fate of the dynasty and the characteristic of the board
Against the background of these events, Boris Fedorovich died in Moscow.His son Theodore rules very long and was killed after the throne managed to capture the False Dmitry.Godunov dynasty cut short, and the country began Smoot.For this reason, internal and external policies of Boris Godunov is often criticized as a cause of subsequent disasters.
However, this view is not entirely objective.Politics Boris Godunov, briefly say, was balanced and correct.However, the former nobleman killed suspicion and banal failure, since it is with him a few years the country has been raging hunger, without which probably would not have happened Troubles and leapfrog to the throne.
Special credit goes to the foreign policy of Boris Godunov.Briefly it is recorded in the annals of time.They captured numerous contacts with the European powers and the successful opposition of the Crimean Tatars.
