Kazakhstan is world famous for the grandeur of the mountain peaks, mysterious deserts, emerald lakes, unique plant and animal worlds.That only is a reference to an ancient civilization, which is for this country.There has long been inhabited by nomadic tribes.This is where lies a fairly large part of the Great Silk Road.So what is fraught with a wonderful and unique Kazakhstan?
history
country's history has its roots in the prehistoric period - 2.5 million years BC.e.Ancient era takes VIII century BC.e.- V century BC.e.The medieval period falls on V-XVIII centuries.A new history begins in the XVIII century.and it ends in 1917.Kazakhstan was a part of Russia, the Nogai Horde, Siberian kingdom, the Kazakh Khanate.
I stage of modern history took place during the collapse of the Russian Empire before the collapse of the Soviet Union.A Phase II began on 16 December 1991, when the country became a sovereign democratic and legal state.
During the existence of the country's map of Kazakhstan vary greatly due to its inclusion in the various empires and kingdoms.
Administrative division
As mentioned, Kazakhstan, and the territory which is more than 2 million square meters.km, is a unitary state.The country has 3 cities of republican subordination, 86 cities, 14 provinces, 168 districts, 174 villages.
So Kazakhstan region are shown below:
- Akmola.
- Alma-Ata.
- Aktobe.
- Atyrau.
- East Kazakhstan.
- Western Kazakhstan.
- South Kazakhstan.
- North Kazakhstan.
- Zhambyl.
- Kostanai.
- Karaganda.
- Kyzylorda.
- Pavlodar.
- Mangistau.
city of national significance:
- Alma-Ata (Almaty).
- Baikonur.
- Astana - the capital.
Climate
It is worth recalling that the area of Kazakhstan is quite high.Therefore, in different parts of the country can be observed with respect to the contrasts of climate, topography, water resources.
Kazakhstan is remote from the ocean, so the north the climate is harsh and cold, and in the south the flowers bloom out of season.The average January temperature in the north and east - -18 ° C in the south - -3 C °.The average July temperature in the north of +19 ° C, in the south - +28 ° .. + 30 C °.
All areas of Kazakhstan are located in 4 climatic zones: desert, semi-desert and steppe.
In the steppe zone placed in the north area.Here there is a very large wind speed.In the steppe zone the winter is shorter summer.Spring is the duration of the fall.
In the steppe zone are located on the plains north of the country.The shortest season - spring.The duration is 3 months of summer and winter - from October to April.
are located in semi-desert arid steppes in the central part of the country.The winter is very severe, the weather is unstable, summer reigns unbearable heat.
In the desert, which stretches in the plains of Kazakhstan celebrated a long hot summer, very dry air, harsh winter.
Relief
Regarding relief would like to note that the area of Kazakhstan amounting to ¾ occupied by plains.In the east and south-east you can see the ridges of the Altai, Tian Shan, Jungar Alatau.In the west, the Caspian lowland located.In the center of the country is mountainous system Kazakh melkopesochnika.
Water
Regarding water resources, I would say that in Kazakhstan, about 8500 small and large rivers.In the north and north-east flow of the Irtysh, Tobol, Ishim.Also on the territory of the country rivers Ural, Ili, Syr Darya.In summer, many medium and small rivers dry up because of the dry weather.
in the country is the Caspian Sea.Its depth is 5-7 meters.Also in Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea occupies a certain area of Russia, Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.
The republic also housed 48 thousand lakes of different sizes.The biggest are Balkhash, Zaisan, Tengiz, the Aral Sea, Alakol.
flora and fauna
in every region of Kazakhstan can be seen only for its characteristic flora and fauna.So, in the country have found their home of 480 species of birds, 155 - mammals, 150 - fish.In the deserts and semi-deserts can meet reptiles and insects.In the steppe live saiga, gazelle, wolf, hare, rodents, foxes, jackals.The lakes of the country sheltered swans, geese, gulls, ducks, flamingos.In the mountains you can find snow leopards, mountain goats, bears, sheep, deer and many birds.
Regarding the flora, there can also be mentioned diversity.On the territory of Kazakhstan grow juniper, pine forests, birch, apple, aspen.Highland different alpine and sub-alpine meadows and deserts and semi-deserts - sagebrush-grass, forb-grass, sagebrush saltwort plants.In the south you can see the unique sample of flora - tsitvarnaya or santonin wormwood.
Demographics
Kazakhstan area (sq. Km) - 2.724 million, the country ranks on this indicator in ninth place in the world.The population of the republic is on the 60 place.But this does not mean that the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan should be proportional to the country.So, today is home to more than 17,098,500 people.It turns out that in the 1st quarter.km there are only 6 people.
border of Kazakhstan - with Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China.It is only natural that the country live Kazakhs, Russian, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Uighurs, Germans, Tatars.How are the borders of Kazakhstan, can be seen on the map in the article.
Points of interest
Kazakhstan is famous for its attractions.Many people call this country an open air museum.The country can enjoy the beautiful scenic views and historical monuments.
So, everyone wants to go on the lake in Burabai Kokshetautskoy field that covered with legends;experience the beauty of the Trans-Ili Alatau alpine meadows and the majestic landscapes of the canyon of Charyn river.
One of the most beautiful cities is Almaty.It is located at the foot of the Trans-Ili Alatau.Almaty attracts tourists original architectural ensemble.Near the town there is a unique nature reserve, under which allocated more than 90 thousand hectares.
In Southern Kazakhstan can see many tombs of Saxon kings.Et burial belongs to the Iron Age.Its diameter is more than 104 meters, and height - 17 meters or more.No place in Eurasia can not boast of such a high concentration of burial mounds of the Kings.
come to Kazakhstan every tourist simply must visit the following cities that will tell his story and the story of the formation of the state:
- Astana.
- Almaty.
- Aktau.
- Aktobe.
- Atyrau.
- Baikonur.
- Balkhash.
- elections.
- Zhezkazgan.
- Karaganda.
- Kokshetau.
- Kostanay.
- Kyzylorda.
- Pavlodar.
- Petropavlovsk.
- Families.
- Taldykorgan.
- Taraz.
- Turkestan.
- Uralsk.
- Ust-Kamenogorsk.
- Shymkent.
Culture
Public holidays are:
- March 8;
- March 22;
- January 1;
- 30 August;
- December 16;
- May 1;
- May 9;
- on July 6th.
Since the area of Kazakhstan is quite high and reside there people of different faiths, religious holidays are Ramadan and Kurban Ait Ait.
Almost everyone knows that the people of the republic - an extremely hospitable people.Kazakhs can come without being invited, and the owner of the house will be very happy.Among the characteristic features of the Kazakhs allocated tolerance, peace, respect for elders.All these qualities are brought up from an early age in each, so the state had no ethnic or religious conflicts.
Although Kazakhstan mixed manners of different nations, majority of the population speak Russian.In recent years become especially popular Kazakh and English languages.The inhabitants of the country can be called "Kazakhstani" or "Kazakh".Although, as international practice shows, still more use the term "Kazakh".
International Relations
Kazakhstan supports international relations with all members of the United Nations.The main geopolitical partner states are: the European Union, the USA, China, Middle Eastern countries and the Russian Federation.
Since 2005, the Republic began to actively develop economic and cultural processes with Yakutia, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, China.The government cooperated with the OSCE, the CAC Council of Turkic Speaking States, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, CSTO, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, CICA, etc.
Republic takes part in numerous peacekeeping operations.For example, engineers from Kazakhstan have managed to neutralize over 5 million munitions in Iraq.Also, the state provides financial assistance to countries such as Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.
Interacting with the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan is working in terms of the Customs Union, in compliance with the Collective Security Treaty, considered the CIS member states.Relations with China are becoming more friendly and intimate.
Regarding economic cooperation can be said that the state led an active policy with the CIS countries, the benefit of the area of Kazakhstan allows it.Regarding geopolitical opinion it can be said that the government has always tried to be neutral.
Kazakhstan - a country that has won the trust of other countries in the international community has taken a certain niche.It is famous for the stability in the economy, geopolitics and culture.
