One of the skills of language training, which should get students in the learning process - the ability to analyze the literary text, to determine by what means fine author has managed to achieve its expressiveness.
This is one of the requirements of the program, causing the greatest difficulties in school children in the classroom literature.Trying to ease their task, I will try to list the means of expression, give them a brief description of itself, give a simple (non-literary texts) examples.
What are the means of expression?To make it brighter, more colorful, more emotional.In order to give the text of the author's identity, convey the most subtle nuances of thoughts or images.Think about which of these proposals more accurately conveys the author's attitude to the subject?We built a hut.We built a hut, a huge, like a real home.It is noticeable that the means of expression help not just to state the value of the object, but make it very clear.
One of the techniques of creating an artistic text is anaphora or unity of command.(
highlight certain idea in the text helps epiphora - a single ending sentences.It can be lexical (repeats one word) or semantic (repeated synonymous).( She gave me life. Now she wants to ruin my fate ).
Using some means of expression, it is possible to give a speech ironic significance to emphasize the comic, cartoon characters.It helps the grotesque.Perhaps one of the most brilliant and famous grotesque imagery - Bag of Bones.
means of expression help to express their attitude to the subject, without naming it directly qualities.It helps the irony (allegory).( choice of food was endless: potato, potatoes, and potatoes again. )
Exaggeration in the literature is called hyperbole.It also aims to enhance the expressiveness of speech.( million times I called him, but he never picked up the phone ).
In contrast litotes use hyperbole, understatement.Quite popular today vulgar expression « the floor » built using litotes.
Comparisons in the literature - reception, speaks for itself.It is an allegory, which established the similarity between the two phenomena.In comparison, there is a basic image, which is the meaning of all statements, and joins using an additional image of the union.( head is buzzing like a great brass bell ).
Connect the unconnected in the text to strengthen the image, allowing an oxymoron.The complexity of its use is that the image must be connected opposite in sense concept.( missing persons lips hot snow. The pot was boiling the cold .)
Highlight the most significant of the above helps inversion or, in other words - the reverse order of the words.The closer to the beginning of the sentence is the word, the more important it is.Compare: I went to the store.I went to the store.In the store I went .
In Russian there is such a thing as neologisms.A means of expression allow the use nonce words (neologisms copyright).Sholokhov is brick blush , Mayakovsky - worker correspondents , at the Northerner - Lazor (color).The main task of nonce words - accuracy.Here are some examples of modern neologisms that have emerged as the author, but is now known to many: google bot (robot), Claudia (keyboard) .
in one article is impossible to enumerate all the means of expression: they are taught for years at the school, on Philology.We can only list some of them (which I did) and to encourage people to learn Russian at least in order to transmit your thoughts juicy, easy to understand, emotionally.
