Attention - this expression of interest a person to a particular object or a subject, selective focus on the perception of the subject.
Some experts believe the attention of a necessary component of the process of perception, while others believe that this particular human condition.Some are of the opinion that attention - independent mental process, such as memory, sensation, and so forth. Finally, another group of scientists believes that the attention and its properties - the process of permeating all mental levels.
all experts share the concept into several types: involuntary attention, arbitrary posleproizvolnoe.
involuntary (unintentional) account arises without effort itself.A bright flash, loud, unusual picture can attract a man suddenly, without any effort on his part.
Arbitrary attention is determined by the will of the individual.It occurs when a person has a goal setting.For its manifestations need strong-willed efforts.
attention is always determined by the interest of a person, his installations, the ability to focus on the psychological characteristics of the individual.All these features define the basic properties of attention.A total of six.
• Stability.This time characteristic determines the ability of an individual for a while to concentrate on the activity or subject.Stability depends on the sense of purpose, relationship to the object or activity, the level of interest.For this reason, it can be different from one person in certain situations.Naturally, different people have different resistance.
opposite of sustainability - scattered attention.
• Objectivity.At the heart of this property is laid attention object or phenomenon to which attention should be directed.You can not have a focus, it should be involved in something.Therefore completely pointless appeals are adults such as: "Children!Be careful! ".Without specifying the object on which to concentrate, you can not draw attention to it.
• The concentration of the consciousness or the ability to highlight the main subject.In this process, there is a narrowing of the field of perception, while increasing the importance of the information received.At the physiological level, this may be explained as follows: inhibition occurs in all cortical areas except one, which at this point is excited and becomes dominant.
• Distribution.It is man's ability to simultaneously track several actions, objects or entities.Caesar was known for being able to play at the same time 7 Action 7 Napoleon dictated documents.One scientist psychologist could write a poem out loud while reading another.If we analyze the properties of attention, the ability to distribution -vstrechayuschayasya less often.In fact, a person is able to handle a single point of time only one subject.Everything else - the ability to instantly switch from subject to subject.
• Switching.Conscious transposition of attention from object to object, from one object to another, the transition from one type of action to the other promotes rest, it helps better concentration.
• Volume.It is the quality of facilities that the brain is able to perceive simultaneously.It is not amenable to training.
Scientists are confident that all the properties of attention - its volume, concentration, switching, distribution and sustainability - in most cases do not depend on one another.For example, a weak focus does not mean its a small amount.
Violation of attention depends on the person and can be caused by stress, brain injury, disease.Generally, not all properties are affected at the same time attention, and some of them.
One of the most common disorders is a distraction.It has two reasons.The first is the inability to concentrate.Second, immersion in the work, which excludes all other processes and objects.This so-called "professorial absentmindedness" peculiar people, immersed in the solution to a problem and do not pay attention to other aspects of life.
