homeland magic squares is considered to be China, because in this country there is a doctrine of Feng Shui, in accordance with which to influence the flow of Qi is set to all: the color, the shape and location of each individual element in space.
history of magic numbers
magic square - a table value of n by n, which is filled with natural numbers from 1 to n2.At the same amount for all the columns, rows and diagonals should coincide.There are magic squares with even and odd order.The numbers are written in the fields of the table, the cells are called magic square, and the total value of the numbers that are in any column, row or diagonal - it's constant.Sacred, magical, mysterious, perfect magic square.The key to its apparent simplicity attracts.
Divine Turtle
Magic square Lo Shu Yu was sent to the emperor gods for knowledge of the mysteries of the world.According to the legend, about four thousand years ago, from the waters of the turbulent river Lo Shu got a big turtle, which was immediately recognized by the people of the deity.And the turtle was actually unusual, since it has suffered shell unusual dot pattern.The points have been put in such a way that the ancient philosophers came to the conclusion that the square with numbers-points on the shell - a world map, which was the mythical founder of civilization Huang Di in China.If you add up the sum of the numbers in each column, row and both diagonals of the square, you get the number 15, which is equal to the number of days to 24 cycles of the Chinese solar year.
Emperor Yu decided that considerations of ancient sages far from the truth, and commanded to perpetuate the image of a turtle on paper and sealed it with his imperial seal.
magic square Dürer
Albrecht Durer, the famous German painter immortalized this wonderful representative of the imaginary world of numbers in the art of the engraving "Melancholia".Durer Square consists of 16 first true numbers and has a size of 4 by 4 in each column, row and diagonal to the sum of the numbers is equal to 34. The amount of other quadruples of numbers, placed at the corner cells in the center and on the sides of the central square, also equal to 34.But the number 15 and 14 in the bottom line of the square implies the creation date of the engraving - 1514.
magic square of Khajuraho
In 1838, a young British officer found among the images of gods and goddesses in the temples Visvanatha square of fourth order, which is amazing.Amounts of the rows, columns and diagonals on this square are the same and equal to 34. They coincide and broken diagonals are formed, if the roll square to the torus, and in each of the two directions.For such a magical total value of the squares of numbers is called diabolical.
From any magic square can be achieved by a permutation of its component numbers to get a huge amount of new magic squares, which will have the same properties.As is known, there are two squares by 2. A 3 3 - there is only one.4 by 4 squares, as in Dürer's engraving, has compiled about 800 and 5 on 5 is almost 250 thousand.There is a belief that the magic square, engraved on silver, protects against plague.And today we can see them among the attributes soothsayers in Europe, which they attributed to a variety of mystical properties.
