word "surname" comes from the Latin word familia means a generic name that is inherited and indicates the genus to which belongs to this or that person.Last usually refers to an individual belonging to the same family and the common ancestor.
Walk into history
interesting fact is that in ancient Rome, the word "surname" meant the whole community, which consisted of the home and family of their own, sometimes numerous slaves.Incidentally, a similar situation was in Russia.For example, at the beginning of the XIX century the name of his master gave the serfs, at the signing of the "free".Today is the name of the naming, it is added to the personal, the proper name of each person.
Where are the names?
Most of the names are composed of the root (base), which had in the past a certain lexical meaning.Have already formed a "middle name" may have prefixes, suffixes, endings.The very essence of each name defines the nickname or personal name of the ancestor from which it came into existence.Some unusual surnames track is quite difficult.However, with a strong desire to engage in dismantling the bottom of this indispensable complement to his name can be.The existing various service centers operating in the study of pedigrees customers will help you to understand the origin of his name.This hard work is readily available for self-investigation, but will require you to explore the many historical subtleties turning archival documents, translation and mapping, as well as patience and free time.
in the original language and the family set-top boxes often mean the end of the word "child" or "son."Some modern languages and to this day have kept such a structuring of names (for example, the Azerbaijani language).However, most cultures have as certain surnames already formed various forms of adjectives.Often, the family name is unique, stereotyped identifier a particular ethnic, national or racial affiliation.
How does morphological rule in the formation of names?
morphological rules in force in some languages (eg Slavic) male and female names differ from each other in shape.In some languages, such as in the Lithuanian language, different forms determine not only the names of men and women, but also to distinguish the married women from the unmarried women.
urgent need in the event of the names (in its modern sense) came out of the need to regulate the institute of population and due to the ever expanding economic ties countries.
can identify some of the most common names, including: Lee (more than 100 million people are of that name), Wang (over 93 million people became happy owners of this family), Garcia (10 million people), Smith (4 million people)Smirnov (about 3 million).
Fixed names
earliest fixed names appeared in X-XI centuries in northern Italy, then in France, England, Germany, Denmark.In Russia existed nicknames such as Bull, Goat, Nenashev.They gradually grew into a permanent family.These unusual names, nicknames were used to identify the man as a specific person, but became commonly used until the end of the XIV century.Already in the XVI century in Russia it was introduced by the law, according to which the surname was obliged to have a first princes and boyars, and then an eminent nobles and merchants leave.For the poorest of the poor - the peasants - the names began to be used to the XVIII century.But the final consolidation of the names of the peasants was only after serfdom was abolished.
Russian names
Basically, in Russian surnames formed from names of church or church or, as mentioned above, by nicknames.For example, in the name of Peter, there is the name of Petrov (Petrov's son), and from the nickname Rabbit, comes the name of Zaitsev (Zaitsev son).Very rarely the root of the names can be considered as some kind of object names area, for example, Belozersk (from the White Lake), and so on. D. There is a scheme by which their education surname owes a particular occupation or signs of the man with whom she goes back.For example, you can explain the origin of such names as Melnikov or tailors.It is possible that this arrangement leads to the fact that very frequently in our country it is possible to meet unusual family.
In accordance with tradition, adopted in Russia, a woman, marrying, takes the surname of her husband.However, this situation is not mandatory, it is possible to keep her maiden name or take a double surname.Children born in marriage, as a rule, take the father's name.However, this is not necessary, since at the request of the parents of the child can be the mother's surname.
Unusual Russian names
Unusual Russian names can be listed for a long time.It should be noted such unusual for the language, which consists of one letter: D, E, Yu is also very unusual for our country a new direction in the formation of the names of one syllable: What Up, An.The names, place names, which we can say that they are rightfully the most unusual names - is such as Kamchatka, Saransk, Moscow.To date, very few carriers of legendary names such as Gagarin, Crusoe Chatsky Onegin, Karenin.Perhaps it should be said about those two roots: Hvataymuha, Golohvostov, Schiborsch.It may be noted, and such unusual names, such as: Sometimes, Nekhay, bitten, Razdobudko, Siskin, Stove, Water.And many more such interesting names.There is no doubt that the unusual names can make an endless list.But even in these lists we await surprises.Probably the most unusual name for a girl that exists in the Russian language - is the name of man.
American names
United States is a country populated by immigrants.For this reason, the names of Americans owe their emergence to different cultural traditions and peculiarities of nations.The main source of those US citizens - is derived from the English, French, German, Irish, Scottish surnames.Gradually mixed with Indian, Spanish, Polish, Norwegian, Hebrew, Indian, African and other American names are still on the path of its specific form.
Education contemporary names
modern American families, are formed in different ways.The most common can be divided into the following types according to their origin from:
- features of a particular locality (Founteyn, Mounteyn Rock);
- occupation or profession (Smith, Forester);
- common nouns (Bush, Young Rose);
- his father's name (Peterson, Williams, Watson, Johnson);
- place names (Lancaster, England).
Considering the multiple transformation of names in American culture, perhaps we can say that American unusual surname as frequent as those of the Russian culture.I would like to note some interesting trends in the development of the formation of the names on the American continent.This is an evolving process of replacing the traditional American family name in the unusual ethnic type, such as African-American.
