Japanese maples - deciduous shrubs and trees that adorn the gardens, patios, terraces and flower beds around the world.Red foliage looks attractive ornamental plant species with purple, orange, maroon crown appreciate professional landscape design and amateur gardeners.Japanese maple (red) - is a challenge to the author hackneyed phrase "green spaces".The unusual color of the leaves Fine was the result of natural processes and the hard work of breeders.
Maple with red leaves and openwork crown
Its spectacular views of the Japanese maple acquired through a complex biochemical composition.From school, many are aware of the chlorophyll, which gives leaves green.In addition, the pigment in the composition of the plants have carotenoids, their presence caused by red, yellow and orange color.Purple, brown, orange and red shades of foliage caused by the accumulation in the cell sap of anthocyanin.Beautiful shaped leaf blades can be painted in purple and carmine tones in harmony with the gray tint of the cortex.Crohn trees usually rounded, occur in the form of an oval or a mushroom cap.Red maple leaves dissected from a distance look like lace.The inflorescences, fruits, bark patterns, even - all the aboveground part looks very decorative.Autumn leaves become more vibrant hues, and in winter fall.But the plant continues to make look thin branches elegance, unusual crown.
Decorative red maple
The plant belongs to the family sapindaceae (lat. Sapindaceae), belongs to the genus Maple.Motherland - the forests of Southeast Asia.Surprising variety of small forms of Japanese maples, in Japan they have created over the centuries.Now, in many countries, the breeders involved in breeding new cultivars of popular ornamental plant.Bright and elegant look grade maple related to three types:
- palmate or fan-shaped maple (Acer palmatum);
- Japanese red maple (Acer japonicum);
- Shirasavy maple (Acer shirasawanum).
summer in the gardens and terraces attracts golden maple leaves Shirasavy autumn it turns bright orange.Dutch fan-grade maple spring covered with glossy dark red leaves that change color to subsidence in the orange-red.Openwork Krona becomes bright shades with good sunlight or in partial shade.
maple palmate (fan-shaped)
compact size fan-shaped red maple demonstrates the wealth of shades of purple, orange and pink.Homeland of the species - the forests of Japan, East China and South Korea.Under natural conditions the trees reach a height of 8-10 m. Crohn with age becomes a rounded or mushroom-shaped.Young shoots are covered with plants painted skin.Spring leaves turn red in the summer, some cultivars are green, becoming purple in the fall.Flowers in bright loose inflorescences.Form krylatok varies greatly in different varieties of fan maple.Plant heat-loving, demanding to soil fertility and moisture, but can not tolerate excess water.Temperatures below -15 ° C will result in damage to the root system.Propagation kind of seeds that can be sown immediately after harvest.Common forms palmate maple: pink-fringed, scarlet, purple and other dissected.
Planting red maple
trees with red leaves look good in groups singly.When planting, the distance between the plants should be left to 1.5-3.5 m. The seedlings prepared planting hole depth of 50-70 cm. On the wetland need to take care of good drainage (sand, gravel, construction waste).Seeds of red maples are placed in the groove with a loose layer on the bottom.Fill the planting hole halfway with water and covered with a substrate, which is mixed with a complete mineral fertilizer.There are new strains do not exceed 1.5 m in height, they can be grown in containers.Pots for planting should choose ceramic or plastic in the Japanese style.Red maple prefers loose, humus-rich substrates, does not like waterlogged.Mold for containers with composted is mixed in a ratio of 1: 1 is prepared from equal parts of humus and peat, sand added.
Care Japanese maple red maple
not require radical pruning, but be sure to remove the diseased and dead branches.Spring maintenance is to replace the top layer of compost to fresh, pre-enriched fertilizers.The mixture was prepared from 40 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate and 25 g of potassium salt.Tree trunks can hide mulch to retain moisture and protect against the formation of the crust.Watering in the summer should be combined with fertilizing and loosening.Red Maple carries the lack of moisture, but loses decoration.Mode watering should be adjusted depending on the local climate and weather conditions.Winter resistance largely depends on the type, quality and age of the plants.In the autumn the roots of young trees and shrubs in the area should be warm dry leaves, and the containers enter the room.
Diseases and pests
maple, red leaves which look pleasing, may suffer from powdery mildew, coral spot.Damaged fitoparazitami shoots should be removed, the cut gloss over garden pitch and disinfect instruments.Before bud processing can be carried out with copper sulfate, dusted with gray.Exposed trees and shrubs attacks herbivores: maple whiteflies, mealybugs, leaf weevil.Carry out spraying at the stage of feeding larvae drug "aktellik" autumn collect and destroy the leaves dry.
Breeding red maple
autumn cut for vegetative propagation of cuttings (20 cm).In the winter they added dropwise, and the spring rooting in containers or pots.Fill the container of light soil, be sure to mix with sand.Spring buds or grafted cuttings of ornamental cultivars more hardy and fast-growing varieties of the same species (or closely related).For seed breeding lionfish collected and sown into the soil in the fall.But it is better to create conditions that resemble stratification in nature that takes place in the winter at a temperature of about 3 ° C.In the spring the seeds before sowing is soaked, and when the hatch - seeded in the garden to a depth of 4 cm. In summer, the heat should be pritenyat seedlings.Saplings have reached 50-80 cm can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Red maple in the garden
Maple red - a hardy plant, but is vulnerable to direct sunlight or drafts.Affected by the adverse conditions of trees and shrubs may be premature to lose leaves.The branches and roots are damaged by frost if the temperature drops below -15 ° S.Kleny not like open areas facing the south.Ideal for them - protected from the wind, with a mosaic lighting.All cultivars are suitable for Asian-style garden, patio and front garden landscaping.Umbellate krona creates a shadow in the corners of the area and on the paths of the garden contrasts with the bright green evergreen hedge plants typical of the middle band.The original trees and bushes can be used in rocky gardens and they are in harmony with dark coniferous species.Fast-growing varieties with palmate maple and fan reach a height of 4-5 m. Under the canopy of the redwoods can plant perennial flowers that do not require good lighting.
