better understand the historical processes of the first half of the 20th century can be, looking at paintings of the time and reading interesting literary works of their contemporaries.We go to the same small digression.
Culture and Art of the first half of the 20th century: a summary of
At the turn of the centuries in European culture reigned decadence - there was a huge number of different conflicting currents without each other similarities.Culture and art of the first half of the 20th century, has two main areas:
- Modern (fr. - Art Nouveau him. - Art Nouveau).
- Modernism.
first began in the last decade of the 19th century and gradually ceased to exist with the start of the First World War (in 1914).
Modernism - is an interesting direction of the late 19th - early 20th century.So rich in masterpieces of painting and drawing, which is divided into separate flow of characteristic features.
Culture and Art of the first half of the 20th century - this topic is not a lecture, some creativity impressionists can study life.We have yet to make an attempt to talk about this interesting phenomenon briefly.Please give a description of the two most important areas: modernity and modernism.Without them, culture and art of the first half of the 20th century is unthinkable.Then move on to literature and cinema.
Modern Nature - a source of inexhaustible inspiration
Title direction comes from the French word "moderne", which means "modern".This trend in the American, European and Russian art at the turn of 19-20 centuries.Often confused with the modern modernism, although it is fundamentally different things that have little to do with each other.Here are the distinguishing features of this style of art:
- find inspiration in nature and the world around them;
- refusal of sharp lines;
- faded, muted tones;
- decorative, airy;
- presence in the paintings of the elements of nature: trees, grasses and shrubs.
To understand what modern, easiest, contemplating the architecture of European cities in this style.Namely - the buildings and cathedrals of Gaudi in Barcelona.The capital of Catalonia, attracts a number of tourists is due to its unique architecture.The decor is different elevation of buildings, asymmetry and lightness.Sagrada Familia (Holy Family Cathedral) - is the most prominent project of the great Antonio Gaudi.
Next, consider the work of European artists who created their works in the Art Nouveau style.To simplify the perception of the material is a small table.
| direction Nouveau | artist representative |
| arts | Gauguin, Klimt |
| Graphics | Beardsley |
| Banners and posters | Toulouse-Lautrec |
Modernism
Why is this trend could arise, to win the love of the audience and give a start to the development of such interesting movements like surrealism and futurism?
Because modernism is a revolution in art.There was a protest against the older traditions of realism.
Creative people are looking for new ways of self-expression and reflection of reality.In modernism has its own characteristic features, peculiar only to him:
- high role of man's inner world;
- search for new and original ideas;
- great importance is given to the creative intuition;
- literature promotes spiritual man;
- emergence of myth.
Culture and Art of the first half of the 20th century: Pictures of various artists examine in the next two sections.
Interesting modernist movement
What are they?Surprising: You can ponder over them and constantly discovering something new.Culture and art of the first half of the 20th century, will be briefly described below.
We will not torment and will provide information in the most concise form - in the form of a table.On the left will mean the name of the artistic movement, the right - his characterization.
Culture and Art of the first half of the 20th century: a table
| Title flow | Feature |
| Surrealism | apotheosis of the human imagination.It features a paradoxical combination of forms. |
| Impressionism originated in France, and then spread around the world.Impressionists broadcast around the world in its variability. | |
| Expressionism | artists sought to express in his paintings their emotional state, from fear to euphoria. |
| Futurism | first ideas originated in Russia and Italy.Futurists in his paintings expertly passed the motion, energy and speed. |
| Cubism | paintings consist of a fanciful geometric shapes in a specific composition. |
Culture and Art of the first half of the 20th century (Table 9 class) reflects the basic knowledge on the topic.
closer look impressionism and surrealism as a movement who brought the art in a fundamentally new ideas.
Surrealism: creative geniuses or insane?
He was one of the modernist movement, originated in 1920 in France.
studying the work of the Surrealists, a normal person often wonders about their mental health.Most of the artists in this direction were quite appropriate people.
Then how they were able to draw a picture so unusual?It's all about youth and the desire to change the default way of thinking.Surrealist art was a way for exemption from the rules.Surreal paintings combined with the reality of a dream.Artists guided by three rules:
- relaxation of consciousness;
- taking images of the subconscious;
- if the first two points failed, they took up the brush.
understand how they painted such a picture-valued, is quite difficult.One assumption is that the surrealists fond of Freud's ideas about dreams.Second - on the use of certain substances that alter consciousness.Where is the truth - it is not clear.Let's just enjoy the art, regardless of the circumstances.Below is a picture "The Hours," the legendary Salvador Dalí.
Impressionism in painting
Impressionism - another line of modernism, the birthplace - France ...
paintings of this style are different reflections, the play of light and bright colors.Artists sought to capture on canvas the real world in its variability and mobility.Impressionist paintings from the common man improves mood, so they are vivid and bright.
Artists of this direction have not raised any philosophical issues - they simply painted what they saw.Thus did it masterfully, using different techniques, and a bright palette of colors.
Literature from Classicism to existentialism
Culture and art of the first half of the 20th century - a new trend in literature that changed people's minds.The situation is similar with painting Classicism thing of the past, giving way to the new trends of modernism.
He contributed so interesting "discovery" in the literature as:
- interior monologue;
- stream of consciousness;
- distant association;
- ability of the author to look at myself from the outside (the ability to talk about himself in the third person);
- irrealism.
| Title direction | authors |
| Social romanticism | Galsworthy, Mann, Belle |
| Surrealism | Eluard, Aragon |
| Existentialism | Kafka, Rilke |
| Modernist prose | James Joyce |
Irlansky writer James Joyce was the first to use such literary devices as interior monologue and parodies.
Franz Kafka - a prominent Austrian writer, founder of existentialism in the current literature.Despite the fact that during his lifetime his works did not cause rapid enthusiasm of readers, it is recognized as one of the best prose writers of the 20th century.
His work influenced the tragic events of the First World War.He wrote a very deep and hard work, showing the impotence of man when faced with the absurd reality.The author is not deprived sense of humor, though he had very specific and black.
We caution that osmyslennnoe reading Kafka can help reduce mood.Read the author's best in a good mood and some abstracting from his gloomy thoughts.In the end, it describes only the vision of reality.Kafka's most famous works - "Process".
Cinema
Funny silent movies - is also the culture and art of the first half of the 20th century, the message about them, read on.
no other art form, evolving as rapidly as the cinema.The technology of filmmaking began in the late 19th century just 50 years, she was able to change a lot, and to win the hearts of millions of people.
first films were created in the advanced countries, including in Russia.
Originally the movie was in black and white and without sound.The meaning of silent film was to transfer information through movement and facial expressions of the actors.
first movie with actors speaking there in 1927.The American company "Warner Brothers" decided to release the film "The Jazz Singer", and it is already a full movie with sound.
The Russian cinema is also not standing still.The first successful project was the film "Don Cossacks".However, censorship of Russian films also had the place to be: shooting were banned religious rites and members of the royal family.
particular stage of development of the national cinema started after the Bolsheviks came to power.These comrades quickly realized that cinema can be more than just entertainment, but also a major propaganda weapon.
most famous Soviet director 30s was Sergei Eisenstein.Works such as "Battleship Potemkin" and "Alexander Nevsky", have long since become classics.Kiev director Alexander Dovzhenko also reached the heights in cinema.The most striking work - the film "Earth."
interesting topic of conversation among the adults - is the culture and art of the first half of the 20th century.Grade 9 provides truncated information, which quickly disappears from the head.To fill this gap can be constant self-education.
