periodization can be called perhaps the most fundamental part of the study in question is not only history, but also the culture - of things, in fact, interrelated.Without knowledge of the patterns of change of epochs it is virtually impossible to build a complete picture of the world.
Meaning of
In the truest sense of periodization - a division of something into time segments.As a rule, the term is used in the study of philology, history or cultural studies.It is in the medium of scientific knowledge it is the most urgent and necessary.
It should be noted that the sheer uniqueness of the values of the term periodization - a kind of system of systems.Inside one division may be a second, and so on, which contributes to detail, refinement and specification of certain phenomena.
Types periodization
Since its evolution, mankind has passed the millennium is not surprising that its existence can be divided into time periods.Firstly, it greatly simplifies comprehension secondly - study.Periodization - a kind of mix of facts in a certain system.In this case, we are talking about significant events, events.
The simplest example of periodization can be called a time-sharing of human existence on this era and the period that was before it.
more specific and precise option - a periodization centuries.It can be presented in two versions: strict compliance with the time frame and the division of the ages in accordance with the culture-events.For example, the eighteenth century in the literature will be substantially different from the calendar.
World periodization is more general than the division into time segments of a particular country or continent.In fact, this kind of systematization can be literary, aesthetic, historical, and, as mentioned above, the calendar.
periodization art
If you call a spade a spade, periodization of literature or any other manifestation of art is the division into periods of creative features.This is the fundamental feature and distinctive sign.
traditional periodization of literature and most other forms of creativity includes Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, education, romanticism, realism and modern times.Of course, this division can be called arbitrary, since each of these periods, you can find more current: sentimentalism, Rococo, naturalism, and others.
in art (painting, architecture) is largely maintained this division, but some age can simply be omitted.For example, no one would dispute the right of existence of the Baroque period in the history of music, but the era of enlightenment, as is mandatory for literature, in the realm of sound was lost - this time period is entirely owned by classicism.
It largely determines the issues of periodization - differences in the development of different kinds of art and the formation of state, and accordingly, the world-making in different countries.By virtue of this particular division to specific time periods is quite complicated.
periodization of development of a particular form of human activity, and humanity itself, as already mentioned, depends on two factors: the historical events and characteristics.To bring a specific example of the easiest way to refer to the way literature is presented in the context of periodization other arts.
Timeframe
Opens the culture of the ancient world.Most researchers agree that this period lasted until the fifth century BC.In fact, humanity is this period can be called one of the most important - during the ancient period the foundations of world philosophy, aesthetics and logic.Aristotle's Poetics is still considered one of the most fundamental works.Moreover, it is this time, mankind owes the understanding of art as a reflection of reality - mimetic art.
«Odyssey", "Iliad", which laid the foundation of the world epic, have appeared in antiquity.
The world cultural studies is taken to call this era the dark ages.Firstly, at this time there was a process of complete suppression of the cult of the body and of art itself.The whole world was converted to the religion, God, the soul.The times of the Holy Inquisition, witch hunts and existence solely texts related to the church.Since periodization - the concept is quite moving, there is a further division into early and late Middle Ages.The most famous figure of the period considered to be the Dante Alighieri, called the last poet of the Middle Ages and the first poet of the Renaissance.
New Era Begins a new period: c fifteenth century BC and continues to the end of the sixteenth.Humanity returns to the ideals of antiquity and anthropocentrism, abandoning the previous total theocentrism.Renaissance gave the world Shakespeare, Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo.
Baroque - one of the most colorful periods of world culture, semnadtsatyy- the beginning of the eighteenth century.The world in this era of literally banked, humanity is aware of his helplessness before the cosmos, the transience of life, wondering about the meaning of existence.During this period he worked Beethoven and Bach, Rastrelli and Caravaggio, Milton and Luis de Góngora.
Classicism in most countries continued from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century.This is the time of maximum follow ancient models in art.This kingdom ordering, sharp lines, uniform texture.In the literature, there are strict separation of high, medium and low genres.Formation of the classic art owes much to Nicolas Boileau's treatise.Racine, Corneille, Lomonosov, Lafontaine - that's the most famous representatives of classical literature.The music is also Haydn and Mozart.
For classicism followed the Enlightenment, which lasted until the end of the eighteenth century.This is a real triumph of rationalism, aspiration for comprehension and understanding, the triumph of the human mind.Defoe, Swift, Fielding stood at that time at the top of the aesthetic manifestations of thought.
Rotating art
Romanticism, which replaced the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century, immediately joined the discussion with respect to the guiding principles.This direction in art tends, on the contrary, to escape from rationality inspire human lives, proclaim the ideals of freedom.Byron, Hoffmann, Grimm brothers, Heinrich Heine is best reflected the particular era.
Realism, in turn, began to compete with romanticism, proclaiming the complete abandonment of the fabulous, mysterious, fictional person."Life is what it is" - that is the basic postulate direction.Gustave Flaubert, Balzac, Stendhal and many others.
about the present and future
Later literature and art evolving, new direction: modernism, post-modernism, avant-garde.The periodization of the development of human thought can last indefinitely.It may be more and more new branches, realities components.It is always moving forward, to the stars and the most mysterious depths.Comprehension and the opening of eternity.
