Table of chemical elements containing the names and characteristics of five hundred different substances.The bulk of them are metals.These chemicals are widely spread on the planet.Metals can be found in various compounds in the atmosphere and in the earth, composed of living organisms and plants, as well as the waters of the oceans, seas, lakes and rivers.The properties of these chemicals are very specific.Their characteristics have distinct differences from other groups of substances.For example, if the item belongs to the category of metal, then it must necessarily be observed a certain list of properties:
- the presence of a dense crystalline structure;
- pronounced luster;
- the ability to electrical conductivity;
- a high degree of thermal conductivity;
- decreased ability to conduct electricity with an increase in the thermal regime;
- light output of electrons;
- malleability and ductility;
- ability to form different alloys.
metal structure, which is defined by the modern scientific worldview is a crystal lattice.At its base are free electrons and ions having a positive charge.The crystal itself is represented in the form of a lattice having a spatial structure.Components of this system are occupied by ions and electrons between them are having a high capacity for movement.The structure of metal atoms allows active particles are constantly moving.The electrons make transitions between atoms and revolve around their nuclei.Knowing the characteristics of the structure of atoms of metals, can be easily explained by the occurrence of an electric current in them.He appears under the influence of the potential difference when the electrons that have no relations with the ions begin orderly movement in one direction.
avilable metal atoms and cause a high thermal conductivity of these elements.The electrons that make continuous movement, exchange energy ions at the time of the collision with the latter.Elements that are at the lattice, transmitting vibrations to neighboring particles are next, and so on.Consequently, the process of thermal treatment of metal is balanced.As a result, the temperature becomes uniform throughout the mass.
avilable metal atoms lie in the existence of ties between the covalent nature.In the crystal lattice is also present Coulomb force that attracts electrons and ions.This is a metallic bond that exists between the particles of the element.This type of compound is present even in the presence of liquid substance.From this, it can be concluded that the metal bond does not have the individual particles.She hold their units.
In terms of chemistry, especially the structure of metal atoms are as smooth and impact valence electrons move while in ions.Consequently, the substance is an energy reductant.The ability to give their electrons in different metals is manifested in varying degrees.The easier this process occurs, the element is considered to be more active.Moreover, its interaction with other substances occurs most vigorously.There are a number of stresses, which was compiled by an experienced Beketov - Russian chemist.Metals in this list are in sequence that characterizes the decay of their ability to chemical activity.Based on the number of stress, you can define the properties of an element:
- while reducing the electrode potential of the metal increases its regenerative function;
- can displace metal salt solutions of the elements, which are disposed after them in the electrochemical series;
- metals, located in the list on the left of the activity of hydrogen can displace it from the acidic solutions.
