Mathematics - a special science, as her knowledge a person needs each day throughout their lives.Meeting with some mathematical concepts, the formation of computer skills and ability to solve the problem starts in pre-school - kindergarten or at home with their parents.At the stage of primary school studied a set of concepts, skills generated significantly expanded.
task of teachers and parents is to achieve a high strength of mastering math skills.This approach enables the supply of knowledge acquired in school, do personal baggage man who in later life he will be able to dispose of at its discretion.Great help in the formation of computer skills has an activity as an oral account.
objectives of oral accounts
use in the classroom receiving oral calculations can pursue different goals.Consider some of them.
- Every teacher knows that the whole course of the lesson depends on its origin.Given the fact that most children love to be considered orally, can this kind of work, and to put the first set, so the rhythm throughout the occupation.
- Oral account can be a good technique for updating existing knowledge in children, which will allow the teacher to effectively organize the further study of the topic.
- This type of work may be included to summarize, consolidate knowledge of the program areas.
- to track the level of formation of computer skills used by the oral control.
What requirements must be observed
requirements for the organization of mental calculations necessary to consider, otherwise the work could have the opposite effect, or the result will be minimal.
Firstly, the selection of jobs to be varied on the content of the material, the shape of its submission.Remember that kills the monotony of interest and brings boredom.
Secondly, it is crucial in the selection of jobs to consider specific features of students.The class can be strong and weak students, diffident, timid, shy and very active children.The teacher is obliged to consider how to make more productive for each of them.
Difficulty tasks should correspond to the level of development of students currently learning.Excessive demands will lead to the suppression of initiative, as it may adversely affect the psychological atmosphere of the lesson.Assignments undervalued level of complexity do not perform training and development function.
Another important requirement is the regularity of employment.Students have daily mathematics lessons for 5-10 minutes (no less!) To perform tasks requiring mental calculations.Under this condition, it is hoped that the children will learn to count quickly and correctly.
kinds of exercises for oral account
If we talk about the kinds of exercises for the account, you must first decide on their classification.Its foundation can be maintenance tasks, instructional techniques used in the works, sections of the program in mathematics, the age of the students, and so on. D.
For example, oral exercises may include setting an algebraic or geometric nature, questions of numbering numbers decisiontasks.
mathematical dictations, tests, oral answers of children at the front, or individual interviews - techniques that can be used by teachers to hold an oral account.1st class with great interest perceived didactic games of various kinds.The quest for an oral account can be used a material containing historical information about the development of mathematics, as well as non-standard tasks of high complexity.
form of presentation tasks
Mental calculation in math class forms the ability to understand the essence of the job without additional explanations and interpretations.Given this, the teacher must always remember how important it is to articulate the problem, giving short clear instructions.This is particularly significant when students perceive the task at the hearing.
is very common for oral accounts used tests.Here, in addition to computing skills, the child should have the ability to perceive the language of mathematics in writing, which may be difficult due to the age characteristics of children and the insufficient level of formation technique of reading.
legitimate to question whether it is possible to always use the test tasks to an oral account?Grade 4 - the period when the tests may have a greater operating efficiency.But at the same time the teacher requires the ability to concisely and correctly formulate the task.
If all requirements for the testing procedure can be used to start and in 2-3 classes of primary school.
How to organize the work
To organize and conduct oral accounts there is a huge variety of shapes, but the most often used so-called question-answer.
If you choose this method of organization of the teacher believes that every student class will be offered to perform his task and on-demand voice your answer.An important point is the ability of the teacher to track the activity of the students, to understand the causes of the passive behavior of the child during use.
Perhaps the teacher in the course of performing their tasks have to adjust in order to create a situation of success for each student.
What results can be obtained
Regular use of this procedure as an oral account has a positive impact on the development of memory, speech, the child's attention.In addition, it forms an important educational effect - the ability to perceive the essence of the task and meaningful to implement it.
Mental calculation in mathematics is of great importance in the development of communication skills - children learn to express their own point of view, hear the other party, to respond positively to the comments of teachers and classmates.
With regular use of oral accounts of the level of computer skills can be brought to automaticity, which greatly facilitate the work of the many themes of the program in primary schools and further education in the middle and senior school.Using
receiving oral account in the work on the formation of ECU
Exercises oral nature, regularly included in the work in the classroom, together with the tasks of another species will assist in the formation of ECU (universal educational actions) that provides GEF 2009.
- At the initial stage of training in terms of personal development ECU in each class is planned to work on a more positive attitude toward school mathematics lessons.Substantial assistance in this will have an oral account.Grade 4 augmented task of forming such important qualities as self-esteem, life optimism, self-esteem.
- Regulatory ACU also can be successfully formed during the work, which uses an oral account;Grade 1 is aimed at to teach the child to perceive the learning task.With further training is the ability to develop.By the end of elementary school children not only perceive the learning task, but keep it in mind, follow the instructions of the teacher, make their own adjustments to the job.
- in the formation of cognitive universal educational actions with proper organization is also possible to use an oral account.Grade 3 (mathematics) forms the ability to compare and contrast the analyzed objects, classify them, establish relationships between concepts.This work begins in the 1 and 2 high school, and in the fourth it receives further development and deepening.
- On the formation of communicative learning activities through oral accounts in the article mentioned above.The existence of different points of view of the mathematical concepts and the ability to perceive them - this is important, what the teacher has to teach their pupils.
oral computing skills development outside school
parents at least in general terms, should know the position of the school in terms of skills discussed in the article, understand the role of mental calculations in their child's life and remember that you can do the math at home.But it does not have to be a boring repetitive exercises at his desk.Parents have the opportunity to organize a role or didactic game, in which you can achieve the desired results.To engage in this kind can involve all family members, including minors.The child is a student in such a case can perform, for example, the role of the teacher.Read on, you can walk on the way to school when a child activity is not perceived as a lesson.
teaching aids for the formation of computer skills
Many modern publishers of children's and educational literature for children produced a whole series of books aimed at the development of mathematical skills, including oral.This literature can be a good assistant for teachers and parents.Targets are selected in notebooks based on the age of the child.And some publishers are taking into account the requirements of the curriculum.
unusually diverse multimedia products.They make children even more interesting than books and notebooks.Their use is very effective not only forget about good hygiene requirements that apply to the work on the computer.The usual adult board game with dice and chips today's children may be perceived as something extraordinary.Therefore, its use for the development of mathematical skills is also not necessary to exclude.
In sum, once again I want to draw attention to the fact that an oral account of his methods and techniques are an integral part of the whole system of teaching mathematics course in the elementary grades.
