Initially hearth - a pre-Roman deities protecting the house, or rather, the keepers of edibles family because penus translated as "pantry", and many believe that the name of the celestial guardians occurred precisely on this word.Later in Roman mythology has appeared cult Penates, which include all the patrons of the house.Usually guard Roman families were two Penates.So deified ancestors.
etymology
As in most cases, the precise interpretation of the origin of the term is not.Cicero allows the formation of the name from the word penitus - living inside.Therefore, the Roman poet, in contrast to the Russian, who is also the term was incredibly popular, but in a different interpretation, often called the deity Penetrales, or "penetrating".Penates - a domestic deity belonging to the retinue of the goddess Vesta - homemakers.According to legend, the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius built in the city of the first temple of the goddess Vesta.The hidden part is called the central Pins (from penetralia - a secret compartment inside the house or temple).It was supported by an eternal flame, and keep state Penates.It is perfectly acceptable theory about the origin of the names of the gods is the heart of the temple of Vesta.
Keepers Empire
way or another, but in ancient Rome Penaty - is not only a domestic idols, but also the guardians of the state and the entire Roman people.In the Latin version of this idea is as follows: Penates Publici Populi Romani.
History of State Penates in ancient Rome is not known for certain.The uninitiated about them very little they knew their storage was shrouded in mystery.It was believed that they brought Aeneas from Troy.And what they are, we know only priests and Vestal - Servants of the cult of Vesta.But it was believed that the public Penates - is the main shrine of Rome.They guarded the empire and served as the key to prosperity and peace of the whole people.
Lovely, family, pets ...
But in everyday household idols were loved and honored.Clay and their wooden images are stored in a separate locker, located at the hearth.It has been noted that the cult of the Penates identified with the deified ancestors.Pet keepers, baking for the welfare of the family, they were dead parent, or simply made idols, all united under the obvious name of "native land."And for all generations it was a natural and welcome back to them, no matter how far was a man.Native house, shelter, focus has always been to most people lodestar in life.
Changing the term
Gradually what was dear to the father's house, that keeps and protects a person from childhood, replaced by the image of the family hearth.And the phrase "native land" has ceased to personify gods guardian.It has become synonymous with his father's house.And not everyone would understand the situation correctly, if he showed a figure Charm and called her hearth.It would be necessary to tell history.Now there are real estate agency called "native land."Well, of course, the names of the authors implied cozy apartment that can be ancestral home, not some gods.Hearth-keepers belong to another time, another culture.But through the years, it passed all the warm and family, which is associated with the center, to gather around the family, which was comfortable and reliable, because you guard household gods.As he said on his deathbed Novice: "... And I remembered our father's house, before the evening a hotbed of many stories about how people lived the old days ..." All of this - loved ones, related to the place of birth and a happy childhood, involves the phrase "nativehearth and home. "
idea of family nest
There is nothing surprising in the fact that the great Russian painter, representative of the realist school of painting Ilya Repin, having decided to build a mansion that would become the family nest, called her the name of the ancient gods, guardians and depicted themfigures on the gates of the estate.In 1899, already a famous painter Repin buys 50 km from St. Petersburg land, builds a house and carefully equips territory.The choice fell on the village Kuokkala because since 1898 Ilya Repin served as rector of the Academy, the duties he had plenty.To get from the village to the place of service was quite comfortable thanks to the railway line, and the place itself was private and quiet.
deserved title
Everything turned out as intended: shelter, where you always pulls back with a lot of loving friends and family where you always are successful.Shortly after the host family study became a professor and head of the studio at the Academy of Fine Arts.Manor Repin "Penates" fully lives up to its name.30 happy years here lived the great painter.It was a house painter, he loved here every corner and every corner had its name.Repin lived here until his death, which occurred September 29, 1930.He was 86 years old.According to his request, he was buried here, in the estate, next to the house and Chugueva slide.Kuokkala village was renamed Repino, and now there is known to every Russian museum "Penates", which was founded in 1940.
Modesty and democratic mores manor
Unfortunately, during the war, the house is completely burnt, all his property damaged.Stayed oak planted immediately after the funeral.After the war, the manor has been completely renovated, and the new museum opened in 1964.Now it is a federal architectural monument.On it you can tell a very long time.All the most famous and best men of the time, visited the estate of the artist.Took Repin Wednesday, other days he worked.Repin's environment were known to both capitals, visitors flocked to the estate after 3 hours.Repin was a unique person, and it is unique estate "Penates".Its territory had its own laws.Servants of the artist is not held in principle, and the two women to help around the house, lived here on an equal footing with the owners, they all ate at the same table.Service someone strictly forbidden.For violating the established procedure provided for punishment in the form of a public statement condemning his act.
attractiveness Repin media
These democratic relations without lordly, did Repin "Penates" is especially attractive.The atmosphere was very pleasant.The simplicity and modesty of the owner, who did not boasted merit and position of the idol of his time, the lack of pretentiousness in the situation - all contributed to the establishment of friendly relations between the owners and guests of the manor.It should be noted that, while under the influence of speeches Beketov and Leo Tolstoy, who used to come here for the guests of the killing-free diet food, vegetarianism prevailed on the estate.Much was made of the situation on the sketches of the artist.That table for guests was bunk and rotating.On the first floor were set meals, and each of the guests could rotate closer to his desired pudding.Only in 1918, when tensions arose with food, the table was served regular meals.At the same time Finnish border closed, "Penates" were for the most Russian Repin and many in this country a piece of the motherland.He bequeathed his estate of legendary artist home of the Academy.Due to the name of the great painter of his manor acquired its own life.When we speak or write in quotes and capitalized the word "Penates", it becomes clear that we are talking about the estate of Ilya Repin.
Now Estate Museum, located at the address: 197738, St. Petersburg, the village Repino Primorskoye Highway 411 - receives visitors every day except Monday and Tuesday, from 10 am.Service only tour.
