One of the most beautiful and rich in architectural monuments of the place of Ukraine is Lviv.The history of the city from its very beginning to the present day is full of lots of interesting facts.We will focus on the most remarkable of them.History of Lviv in all its grandeur unfold in front of us.
Background
ancient Slavic settlements on the territory of the modern city are rooted more in the V century BC.Some historians believe that it was from this moment begins the history of the city.Already from the VII century, in the settlement of the area is actively functioning artisans, which gave him the right to be called a city.But what was then called the village, remains a mystery to historians.It inhabits the settlement at the time the tribes of White Croats.
In 981 the area around the future of Lviv, in the fight with a young Polish kingdom was annexed by Prince Vladimir in Kiev Rus.From that moment on, the territory was incorporated into the economic and political livelihoods of the Old Russian state.
After the start of the feudal fragmentation of the single power of ancient Russian land on which now stands the Lions, were initially included in the Galician principality, and from 1199 - in the Galicia-Volyn principality Monomakh.The founder of this state is considered to be Roman Mstislavovich, father of the future founder of Lvov, Daniel Romanovich Galitsky.
heyday Galician principality
It is the period of the reign of Daniel is the political and economic prosperity Galitsky state.And this despite the fact that all his life he had done in the struggle against the local nobility and external aggressors - Poland and Hungary.
But the heaviest blow from western state caused the Mongol-Tatar invasion.During the many piles of Galicia city were destroyed.Unlike other princes of Daniel until the last days of his life not fully come to terms with foreign yoke.He is constantly looking for ways to resist the invaders, he tried to form an alliance against the Mongols, composed of governors of Western countries.For this he was even ready to go to the union with the Catholic Church, although in practice never betrayed Orthodoxy.In recognition of his service to the faith in the fight against the Mongols Daniil Galitsky Pope he was given the title of King of Russia.Such activities
prince, of course, did not like the Horde Khans, who sent a punitive expedition after another to force his loyalty.As a result of these raids in Galicia was destroyed many towns and villages.
Base Lviv
Tatar raids were one of the reasons for founding the city with the beautiful name of Lions.History of it begins its countdown to 1256.That's when the fire severely damaged the capital of Galicia-Volyn principality - Hill.In this connection, Prince Daniel, it was decided to build a new large city in an area inaccessible to Tatar raids.
At the same time, some historians date the date of foundation of Lviv to an earlier time - in 1247 or 1240.Accordingly, in these hypotheses, this event is timed to the marriage of her son Daniel and the Lion to the capture of Kiev by the Mongols.
City
Almost all historians are of the same opinion, why the city was given the name of Lvov.History of the name is raised to the son and heir of Daniel Galitsky - Lev Danilovich.It was in honor of his great father called the city, which was destined to become the capital of the principality.According to one version, the name was given to the day of the wedding with the daughter of the Lion King of Hungary.
capital of the Kingdom Russian
history of Lviv took a new turn with 1269, when the lion became the prince of Galicia-Volyn King and Russian.It was he who moved the capital to the city of Galich succumb repeated destruction and burned down the hill.Since then, the Lions became not only the main town of Galicia-Volyn principality, but in fact the center of Russian kingdom.
In accordance with its new status, the city began massive construction.In 1270 it was built the so-called High Castle - the citadel of the city.Although the prince lived in the Lower Castle.The entire social life of the city flowed in the market, it was he who was his heart.In the capital came together more and more people from the surrounding and distant settlements.Thus grew the Lions.The history of the city has become an integral part of world history.
After the death of Leo I town has not lost its capital status.He remained the main city of the state and under the following princes, who both wore the title of King of Russia.This continued up until 1340 with the death of George II Boleslaw not ruling clan broke off.
Lions within the Commonwealth
Once in Galicia broke the ruling dynasty, the rights to the principality, and in particular Lviv, told the Polish king Casimir III.In 1340, his troops captured the city and established there the royal power.However, the king granted the city government and the Magdeburg law, but at the same time, the Lions began to rapidly Polonized.Soon, most of the townspeople were Poles.Much of the population were also Jews.History of Lviv, and from then until 1939, it is inextricably linked with Poland.
In 1412 Lviv was transferred from Galich archiepiscopal chair.
In 1569 Poland and Lithuania formed a union state - Rzeczpospolita.As part of the Lions it was before 1772, when as a result of the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian state, he, like the rest of Galicia, was included in the Austrian Habsburg Empire.
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
As part of the Habsburg monarchy L'viv was the capital of the province, which is called the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.Despite the fact that the city was a part of another state, and was appointed governor of Vienna, in the region still continued to play the leading role of the Polish nobility.
However, this period can be called the cultural revival of the city.University was restored, open theater, the imperial power supported the struggle against religious obscurantism.At the same time began to revive cultural communities Rusyns, as the Habsburgs were trying to find in them the support in the confrontation with the Polish nobility.
Attempt recovery of Ukrainian statehood
After the result of the defeat in the First World War in 1918 there was the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ukrainian intelligentsia of Lviv was an attempt to restore their own state.To express it in the proclamation of the Declaration of state independence of Western Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR) October 19, 1918.
But the problem was that the majority of the population of Lviv at the time were the Poles, who saw themselves only as part of the new Polish state.Therefore ZUNR fate was sealed.In November, the head of Poland's army has full control of Pilsudski Lviv, and soon the army ZUNR was finally broken.
under Polish rule
Thus, the history of Lviv before 1939 was associated with the Polish government.Rights of Ukrainians in this period have been completely violated.Thus began one of the most tragic pages in the history of the region.It was in this period turned bloody struggle between Ukrainian nationalists and the Polish authorities, the main victim of which was among the civilian population, as one or the other nationality.
In 1939, Poland was in fact divided between Germany and the Soviet Union.Lvov and Galicia almost all were attached to the USSR.
Lions in the USSR
Without teshilsya world Lviv.The history presented him with a series of tragic events.The Great Patriotic War.German troops occupied the city June 29, 1941.Time Nazi occupation was marked by one of the largest massacres of the Jews.Soviet troops liberated the city was only in 1944.
Then began a rapid restoration of the village.As part of the Ukrainian Lviv became the largest industrial and cultural center of the region.At this time, unlike previous periods, the vast majority of citizens are ethnic Ukrainians began.
Lions after the proclamation of independence of Ukraine
not lost its relevance and Lions after the proclamation of 24 August 1991 Ukraine's independence.However, since the industrial potential of the city has fallen significantly, but nonetheless, it was the economic center of the region.The cultural significance of contemporary Lviv for the country can not be overestimated.Many consider it the heart of Ukraine.
Conclusion As you can see, a lot of tragic and, on the contrary, had a happy history pages of the city.Briefly transfer all its vicissitudes fail.To study the issue of economic and political development of the city need to spend months or even years.Well, to understand the spiritual essence of Lviv, its a must visit in person.
