Today many people on hearing the word "Jesuit", the value of its long time managed to gain additional faces, denoting not only belong to one of the most famous and still influential orders of the Catholic Church, but also a man crafty and resourceful, who can not be trusted.However, these "dogs of the Lord" to themselves and motivated, creating a unique, in fact, the system extremely simple at its core, but it has acquired a very clever and interesting shape.
Jesuit, who is it?A bit of history
Like many awards, this one has its founder, which is added at this time to the saints.History of the Jesuits has already more than one century, the count that began with the first half of the XV century, when the Spanish knight dreamer Ignatius Loyola decided to radically change his life and devote the remaining years on church, religion, faith, to create a sort of spiritual army of knights.And if in the beginning the way almost no one knew what the Jesuit everyone who it is, and what the purpose of the whole of the Order, now their mark in the history of all subsequent periods is impossible not to notice, and is not something that a professional historian or churchmen, but diletantu-lover.
origins of the Order is available at the "dogs of the Lord" and its own history.Jesuit Order was born in 1534 when its founder Loyola together with his loyal friends and spiritual knights made vows of poverty, chastity and service to the glory of the Church, and even three years later took orders and became a preacher, determined to follow the path of circulation of infidels and opekaniyatheir believers.By 1539 the priests of the Order (the future) have been in Rome, where the spotlight ideas and belief in them, which was unique at the time of the decline of the monasteries and of the Catholic Church as a whole.Perhaps it is not the most advantageous position last prompted Pope Paul III fast enough to give the nod to the formal establishment of the Order, and in the future and in every way to patronize those who called themselves the Society of Jesus, but in reality have become soldiers of Christ in every sense.
Personnel training
However, to join the ranks of the Jesuits was just, perhaps, only in the beginning.Sagacious churchmen quickly realized that the world is ruled by information, and did not spare the time to educate their followers.That is why taught at least 12 years, first at least two years of novitiate, or obedience.This was followed by the adoption of the standard monastic vows: obedience, of poverty and celibacy, two years taught languages - Latin, Greek (with the obligatory reading of ancient authors - of course, in the original), a year - the exact sciences (mathematics, physics).Next came a philosophy, and only then another 4 years the novices were taught church history, theology, law, becoming Coadjutor (clerics who have the right to return to secular life).Only manifested throughout all phases of zeal for learning, diligence, natural ability and successful exams allow proudly say that yesterday's college student is now - a Jesuit priest, with all the rights and duties.
Last vow
Now you can take the fourth and final vow from which it was impossible to give up until the end of his days, - the vow of unquestioning obedience to the Pope and his alone.The Jesuits did not peddling on trifles and submit to the exclusive charter of the Order either directly pontiff.Another power over themselves, they did not recognize.
prevalence and the abolition
Order enough little more than a century to ensure that weave their networks in European countries at the time, as well as in China, Japan, India, Paraguay, the Philippines, do not forget to settle in ImperialRussia, which was very far-sighted.When in 1773 Pope Clement XIV was still forced to take resolute decision and universally prohibit the "Society of Jesus" bull Dominus ac Redemptor Noster, only Catherine II did not want to obey the Jesuits and allowed to continue their activities in the territory was subject to the Empress.The abolition of the Order itself lasted four decades, during which they were referred to the parish clergy.But in 1814 the Jesuits regained their rights and regalia.
Charter and discipline
Charter Jesuits consisted of 9 points, the essence of which was to ensure that its participants, other than mandatory monastic vows, and even took a vow of unquestioning obedience to the abbot of the society, as well as the head of the Catholic Church.And escape routes actually was not - become a Jesuit, a person loses the right to dispose of them and was one of the great parts of the system, however, works perfectly.
Order also featuring a very rigid discipline and strict centralization, in which the supreme power was in the hands of the general (from the "General mentor", not to be confused with the military), which is still privately considered the "black pope" and elected for life.
role in the educational process
One of the main objectives set by the Jesuits and successfully implemented, there were numerous schools by almost all missions.So, it was Jesuit College preparing for themselves educated and well-trained novices who are long-term "drill" transformed into obedient puppet in the hands of management.By the way, the end of the XVIII century under their vigilant control was a large part of the secondary and higher education institutions in Europe.
How to get away with it - learn from the Jesuits
But the Jesuits were remembered not only by good intentions, and educational activities, but also an original theory allows "justified" in the commission of any acts, even very, very sinful, you justI assume that this was done in the name of another good purpose.And you can use a "mental reservation" and give false promises.Therefore not surprising that the question: "Jesuit - who is it?" - Could be heard in response that it is a liar, braiding a web of intrigue.
Day today in the life of the Order
Gone century, Ignatius of Loyola long been canonized and canonized, and the current Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio) just a representative of the Order.In addition, in the world there are about 17,700 Jesuits, who are still subject to rigid discipline and hierarchy.Prepare employees of the Catholic Church in the Special Panels controlled "the Society of Jesus."However, changing only the time, some people remain the same.And now the question of the Jesuit - who it is, almost no one asks, because the answer is known to all.
