Abkhazia is an amazing country with a unique culture and ancient history.The people inhabiting this area, calls his homeland since: Apsny.Translated, it means "Land of the Soul."
Area
Abkhazia on the world map covers a large area along the Black Sea.It stretches from the river Psou up to the Inguri river.The length of this truly paradise is two hundred and twenty kilometers.Many vacationers are attracted to the beautiful sun, the azure sea and the healing air of the mountains.Nature of Abkhazia not only gives people the joy of life.It returns youth and health.
Abkhazia on the world map located in the northeast region of the Caucasus.It occupies land area of the Black Sea.In the north it borders with Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria.In the south-east - with Georgia, in the north-west - the Krasnodar Territory.
territory occupied Abkhazia is an area of 8700 square kilometers.From west to east, its length is equal to one hundred and sixty kilometers, and from north to south - fifty-four.The capital of Abkhazia is the city of Sukhumi.On the territory of the country are seven districts, the same towns, four villages and many villages.
history
period in which the Abkhazian kingdom is the eighth century.The second half of the IX.it became part of Georgia.In the thirteenth century, Abkhazia won the Mongol Tatars.From the XVI century.it was ruled by the Turks.Abkhazia is a part of Russia began its history from 1810 After the October Revolution the Soviet state was recognized territory of Georgia to the river Psou.In fact, Abkhazia was included in this democratic republic.02/25/1921, in Georgia was carried out the Bolshevik coup.Already in March 1921 in Abkhazia proclaimed Soviet power.In December of the same year she became a member of the Georgian SSR.
Throughout the Soviet period, the situation in Abkhazia was tense.Massive unrest of the local population were observed in 1957, 1967 and 1978.Abkhazians demanded secession from the Georgian Republic.
particularly strained these relations in 1989. March 18 the Abkhaz people gathered at the thirty meeting at which proposals were made to secede from Georgia.In June 1989, bloody clashes with Georgians occurred in Sukhumi.The result was sixteen dead.The conflict was resolved by the authorities.
war with Georgia
25.08.1990, the Supreme Council of Abkhazia adopted a declaration of sovereignty.The aggravation of the political situation occurred with the introduction of Georgian troops in Abkhazia.In 1992, the Supreme Council of Abkhazia announced the termination of the constitution, adopted in 1978, was recognized by the constitution of 1925 The document fixed the doavtonomny status of the territory.It was not recognized by Georgia.At the same time unleashed the war in Abkhazia.During the fighting was used artillery, aircraft and other weapons.
establishment of control over part of its territory, as well as preserving the integrity of the country - is the goal pursued by Georgia.Abkhazia is seeking to expand the right to create its autonomy and for independence.
In late 1992, the war began wearing oppositional character.Neither side in this confrontation was won by and could not.As a result, between Abkhazia and Georgia signed a number of documents.The resolutions recognize that an agreement on the complete cessation of all hostilities.At the same time heavy weapons and forces were to leave the territory of the conflict.
After a lull, hostilities were resumed.In 1993, Sukhumi, Abkhaz troops began to control that the National Guard was forced to leave the territory of Abkhazia, Georgia.
war was a big challenge.During the fighting, were killed on both sides about sixteen thousand people.The damage that has been caused to the economy of Abkhazia, estimated nearly eleven billion dollars.
peacekeeping force
Russian side acted as a mediator between the conflicting parties.In May 1994 in Moscow signed an agreement on disengagement and ceasefire.In the conflict zone were introduced CIS collective forces, whose task is to maintain nevozbnovleniya fire.
peacekeeping force consisting of Russian troops in control of the thirty-kilometer security zone between Georgia and Abkhazia.
UN Action
Georgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Council was created in 1997. This happened during the Geneva talks.The work of the Council was attended by representatives of the United Nations and the Russian Federation.However, in 2006, in the Kodori Gorge started a new military operation.Georgia has made large-scale sweep in the villages along the Kodori.Official Tbilisi has declared control over the Kodori Gorge.
In October 2006, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution № 1716. It called on the conflicting parties to cease all military actions that impede the peace process.The organization expressed concern about the failure of the Georgian party to the agreement, signed in Moscow, as well as other arrangements.
road to independence
Abkhazia - Russia or not?Since 2001, the Caucasian republic has taken various actions seeking entry into the CIS.She wants to unite with Russia, while retaining the right to an independent state.However, the official position of the Russian Federation is that the great powers will not accept such a possibility.This was stated by Russian Ambassador to Georgia Vladimir Chkhikvishvili in 2003
Internal passports in Abkhazia gained circulation since 2005 to extradite them to the age of fourteen.
Currently, Abkhazia - Russia or not?No.However, Russian President VVPutin was to ensure that the public education of post-Soviet territory have been recognized as independent, similar to the status of Kosovo.On this issue, the Russian Foreign Ministry held consultations with the President of Abkhazia and Transnistria.They were held in 2006
Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the same year signed an agreement "On mutual cooperation and friendship."It was also to create a community of three republics, the purpose of which was the struggle for the rights of peoples and democracy.Within the framework of this structure include economic and political cooperation, and the establishment of peacekeeping forces, capable of replacing the Russian military.
Abkhazia today
Currently it is a presidential republic.The attributes of its statehood is the anthem, flag and coat of arms.The highest legislative body - the National Assembly and the Parliament.The executive branch is represented by the President and the Cabinet of Ministers.
Abkhazia - Russia or not?No.The Republic of Abkhazia - an independent state.De jure its existence the international community has not yet recognized.Most Democrats whitewash the aggressor, and the actions of the Russian Federation classified as an attack on Georgia.
In 2008 there was an exacerbation of the conflict.Army of Georgia has made an attempt to seize South Ossetia.On the Russian side have been taken political steps.The Russian Federation recognized the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.She also called on other states to follow its example.
Abkhazia with Russia is not.She is considered a separate republic.The majority of the population have Russian citizenship.It was given to him many years ago.
The fact that Abkhazia is part of Russia, most Russians think.When you visit this country do not need visas, and means of payment in the country are banknotes of the Russian Federation.
After the March referendum in 2014 Russia annexed the Crimea.Abkhazia and South Ossetia intensified the debate about its future status.
countries recognized as an autonomous state
Throughout the history of Apsny was unrecognized country.To date, it has received recognition from the five member states of the UN.First it made Russia.In September 2008, Nicaragua recognized Abkhazia in September 2009 - Venezuela, in December 2009 - Nauru in September 2011 - Tuvalu.Independence of the Republic also recognized South Ossetia, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh.
border
Abkhazia - Russia or not?No.That is why in order to get to the republic requires crossing the border through the checkpoint.One of them - "Psou" - is close to Adler.This CAT bus from Sochi every five to fifteen minutes walking bus.In order to get into Abkhazia with him enough to have a regular internal passport.Children need only a birth certificate.Sometimes guards can ask for permission to leave the Russian Federation of a minor child, which must be executed by a notary.
capital and regions of Abkhazia
administrative center of the republic is the city of Sukhumi.Map of Abkhazia indicates its location.It is located in the central part of the independent state, on the Black Sea, on the coast of the Bay of Sukhumi.One hundred seven kilometers from the city - the border with Russia.Sukhum has city status since 1848
the north and east of the capital of Abkhazia is protected by mountain ranges.In this regard, the climate in this area is quite soft.Even when in the foothill areas of the republic is still very cold in Sukhum blooming acacia, mimosa and rose.Snow is very rare -yavlenie.During the year, there is about two hundred and twenty days of sunshine.
Even in 1898, the World Congress of Physicians Sukhum was considered the best place in the world, which contributes to the improvement of pulmonary patients.And all this thanks to the excellent climate, subtropical vegetation, sea and ionized air.
map of Abkhazia introduces us to the regions of the republic.One of them is Gagra.His administration is the city of Gagra cent.The largest settlements - Pitsunda Bzyb Gechripsh and Tsandripsh.The difference is in the area of high recreational potential.In this area there is a lake Rizza.It shares borders with the Russian region Krasnodar region.
resort town of Gagra (Abkhazia) is familiar to almost all.It is situated on the Black Sea coast.This picturesque resort is thirty-six kilometers from Sochi Airport.It is protected by mountains from cold winds.At the same time on its territory is delayed sea warm air.Being at different altitudes, mountain gorges promote ventilation and renewal of the air masses in the city.Gagra is the most dry and warm place in the entire Caucasus Black Sea coast.Here the average annual temperature is fifteen degrees.Winter in the city warm and soft.In the coldest air is heated up to seven degrees.
resort, which now boasts of Abkhazia (see below photo), was founded by a relative of Nicholas I - Prince APOldenburg.He took part in the transformation of the city into a full sitting area.It was built telegraph, water, climate station.The park, laid on the beach, decorated with agaves, orange and lemon trees, palms and cypresses.The first tourists arrived in the city in 1911
Another famous seaside health resort is the city Pitsunda.It is located twenty-five kilometers south of Gagra.The climate is similar to the Pitsunda Sochi.He is subtropical and humid.The resort is famous for its truly unique pine forest - the remainder of the Crimean Caucasian ancient vegetation.Now it is the territory of the state reserve.The mixing of sea and mountain air with ozone allocated relic pines, making the microclimate of the area is truly healing.
following units of administrative division is the Gudauta district.The district center is located in the town of Gudauta.In addition to his large settlements are Novy Afon and Lykhny.Gudauta district was the only one in the country, which during the military conflict with Georgia is completely controlled by the Abkhazian government.
Gudauta considered seaside resort.The climate is humid subtropical.The winter is very mild.The holiday season lasts all year round in the city.Gudauta is famous for its gardens, which grow fruit and citrus plantations.On an elevated location near the sea is a city park.From the north and north-east to the Gudauta adjacent mountain chain Caucasus, whose peaks are covered with snow almost seven months of the year.
resort is located on the sea shore of the bay.There gravel beaches, but in the east they are replaced by sand.The swimming season begins in mid-May and lasts until October.The resort is recommended for patients with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as metabolic disorders.
in Sukhumi district, in addition to the capital, major cities and towns are Pskhu and Yashthua.In Gulrypshskom - Gulripshi, Azshara and Caban.
south of the ridge of the Kodori population lives Ochamchira district.
Tkuarchal main town area, the document does not Georgia - Tkuarchal.The main source of finance in the district budget is a Turkish company "Tamsash."It is engaged in opencast mining.Not far from the capital region is Mount Lashkendar.It is considered one of the seven Abkhaz sanctuaries.In Abkhazia, there is one area - Gal.Its main population - Megrelians.
Nature
Georgia, Abkhazia, Ossetia ... Map of the three Transcaucasian states could tell us about the main attractions of the region and its nature.
If you decide to visit Abkhazia, you can see that this is a country of mountains.They start in the city from the sea.A little further - the cliffs, canyons with a few harsh roads.
Thanks wild rivers, mountains, seas and subtropical plants Abkhazia is extremely picturesque edge.The relief of the territory of the Republic released the main spurs of the Caucasus mountain range.Their list includes Abkhazia, Kodori, Gagsky and Bzybsky.The highest point in Abkhazia is considered a mountain Dombai-Ulgen.Its height - 4048 m.
the south-east of the country is the Colchis lowland.Between her and the mountains are rolling foothills.In Abkhazia, the many caves.The deepest of all, that there is on the planet - Krubera Raven.It is situated not far from Gagra.The depth of the cave is 2080m.
rivers flowing through the territory of the republic belong to the Black Sea basin.The largest of them are Kyalasup and Cawdor, and Gumista Bzyb.All of them are abounding.Thus their hydropower potential is very large.The rivers of Abkhazia, as a rule, rain or snow.On the territory of the Gagra district takes the shortest river in the world.Its length is only eighteen meters.Known such waters as Lake Riza and Gegsky waterfall.
very diverse flora of Abkhazia.Here there are more than three and a half thousand species of plants.Almost half of the country's area is covered by forests.They grow broadleaved trees - oak, hornbeam, chestnut and so on. D. On a lot of middle fir and spruce forests.At altitudes above two kilometers are located alpine meadows and crooked.Even higher - the eternal snow or rocky-gravelly plants.
Among the large mammals that are found in forested areas of Abkhazia, lynx and bears, deer and red deer, wild boars and jackals.In the waters inhabited by trout and salmon, perch and other fish species.
