Energy - the body's ability to do work.There are the following types of it: the electrical, mechanical, gravitational, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, thermal, and others.
first - energy electrons moving through the circuit.Often it is used to produce mechanical using electric motors.
second is manifested in the movement, the interaction of individual particles and bodies.This strain energy under tension, bending, twisting and compression of elastic bodies.
Chemical energy is the result of chemical reactions between substances.It may be produced in the form of heat (e.g., by combustion), and converted into electrical (and in the battery electrochemical cells).
Electromagnetic manifested by the movement of the magnetic and electric fields in the form of infrared and X-rays, radio waves, etc.Contained in the Nuclear and radioactive substances released as a result of fission of heavy nuclei or the fusion of light.Gravity - the energy, which is due to gravity of massive bodies (gravity).
Thermal energy arises from the chaotic motion of molecules, atoms and other particles.It can be released as a result of mechanical action (friction), a chemical reaction (combustion) or nuclear (nuclear fission).Most often, thermal energy comes from the combustion of various fuels.It is used for heating, evaporation, and other heating processes.
thermal energy - is a form of energy resulting from mechanical vibrations of the structural elements of a substance.Parameters allowing to determine the possibility of using it as a source of energy is the energy potential.It can be expressed in kilowatts (thermal) -Hours or joules.
source of thermal energy is divided into:
- primary.Energy potential substances are due to natural processes.These sources include the oceans, seas, fossil combustibles, and others. Primary sources are divided into the inexhaustible, renewable and nonrenewable.The former include thermal water and substances which can be used to produce fusion energy, etc.The second group include solar, wind, water.Others include gas, oil, peat, coal, etc .;
- secondary.This substance, the energy potential of which depends on the activity of people.For example, this heated air emissions, municipal waste, waste hot coolants industrial plants (steam, water, gas), etc.
thermal energy is currently produced using fossil fuels.The main sources are the crude oil, coal, natural gas.Due to the natural resources it provided 90% of total energy consumption.However, with each passing day more and more increasing use of nuclear energy.
Renewable hardly used.This is due to the complexity of the technology of conversion into thermal energy as well as low energy potential of some of them.
Thermal energy is the result of the interaction of photons with infrared outer electrons.Recent absorb photons and moved to distant orbit from the nucleus.Thus, the volume of the substance increases.Through infrared photons is transferred to thermal energy.In particular photons in collisions between atoms and molecules of a jump from a zone of increased carrier concentration of thermal energy in those areas where it is lowered.
thermal energy can be expressed in the formula: ΔQ = cmΔT.C - represents the specific heat material, m is the mass of the body, and ΔT is a temperature difference.
