There is a historical hypothesis that the darkness of serfdom finally plunged Russian Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, having published a document entitled "Decree on the time limit years."It is almost completely deprived of the right to release the peasants, turning people into slaves dumb, some analogue working cattle.Nevertheless, the text of the "commandments" is lost, and the information about its contents is extremely stingy.On the most plausible version of events historians argue for centuries.
officially adopted the concept
According to the history books, "Decree on the time limit years" was signed in 1597 December 4, according to the Julian calendar.This was caused by the emergence of a legal norm critical situation created in the country.Prior to that, exactly one hundred years was a law according to which, for a week until 26 November (holy day of St. George) and seven days after each land could get out of their status, stating his desire and paying the owner paying off the amount ("elderly") in the silver ruble.Price was considerable at the time, but wants to be free peasants tried to save her.This phenomenon has acquired a massive scale.Moreover, often, unable to raise cash, some serfs just ran.According to the officially accepted version, the "Decree on the time limit years" forbade peasants away from the landlords.But this is not the essence of it, the reaction was limited.It was not enough simply to escape from the hateful owner."The decree of years time limit" set specific search term, during which he could return to his master a slave - five years.
"ukaznoy" version and its variants
lack of documentary evidence for the historian - about the same as that for physics - a mismatch of experimental results of his theoretical concepts.There are two main versions of the description of the process of enslavement of the Russian peasantry.According to the first (called "ukaznoy"), it was strictly in accordance with the legal norms of the sixteenth century.It was signed "Decree on the time limit years," and from that moment ... But this theory has its ramifications.According VNTatischev document that existed since 1592, and it was not the author Fyodor Ivanovich and Boris Godunov.The paper lost, and find and could not.But it was.
Considered "ukaznoy version" is certainly plausible, but suffers from a common defect, typical of many historical theories.It is based solely on the logic promises, and nothing but them, is not supported.There should be a decree, and all.Where is he - is another question.You never know what can with the paper for more than four century happen ...
Was there a decree?
On the influence of "the Decree" to change society in a country can be judged from the fact that the title of the document is almost not mentioned in the petitions for the return of the landlords belonging to them "assets."It would seem quite logical, demanding to find and deliver the fugitive slave, refer to the king's "Decree on the time limit years."Is not it?It then assumes the character of the petition is not just a personal request and application for compliance with the law.But the landowners on the tsar did not refer, preferring to do more abstract formulations.
Here's to you, Grandma, and St. George's Day
Currently, the only written document confirming the existence of a materialized on paper, the royal will, can serve as an Novgorod monks, where they refer to a decree according to which,landless peasants and "No Exit."At the same time and date, and author of the legislation remain unclear.Definitely to attribute its creation to the king Fedor difficult.Firstly, in the years of his reign, in fact, he led the country "gray regent" Godunov, and that he could put forward this legislative initiative.Secondly, there is a very real reason to believe that the document appeared five years ago and then destroyed (perhaps intentionally) by the "Boriska" (or on the order).Thirdly, it is quite possible, "reserve the decree" was adopted by Ivan Vasilyevich, but came into force later.Despite all of these versions, the fact remains: St George's Day was destroyed at the end of the XVI century, and the peasants were deprived of rights which they previously enjoyed.
