Most modern Russian military ranks appeared in the XVIII century, with the formation of the first army on a regular basis.The bulk of the merits of the creation of a unified army and the emergence of a strict hierarchy of military ranks belongs to the great reformer - Emperor Peter I.
Rear Admiral - the title is firmly connected with the history of formation and development of the Russian Navy.As it appeared, what duties carried out a naval officer, wearing the military rank - this will be discussed in this article.
History of the title
Traditionally, the Russian Navy and the Army had no unified leadership, and is subject to two different departments.Navy led the first Admiralty Board (XVIII century), and in the XIX century, the Naval Ministry.The Russian fleet had its own, different from other countries, the system of military ranks.
In European countries, the highest military rank in the Navy appeared in the XVII century, and in Russia a century later.These were: Admiral, who ran the main forces of the Navy, Vice-Admiral, occupying a lower level in the military hierarchy, and Rear Admiral - the lowest of the ranks in the leadership of the fleet.Usually, he commanded the rearguard.
These titles have replaced outdated admiral (fleet commander in ancient Greece) and droungarios (head of the imperial Byzantine fleet).
Peter I and Table of Ranks
title of "Rear Admiral" came from Holland.Peter I, who visited Amsterdam, not only learned how to build ships, but also picked up the European system of maritime military ranks.Prefix contra meant that the battle was led by Admiral Fleet and Rear Admiral held a position in the rear.
some time in the XVIII century, the title was changed to the rank Schout-bij-nacht, but then again it was returned.
In Russia, Peter the Great established according to the ranking, the rank of Rear Admiral match in the Army, Major-General.Nowadays it is the primary admiralty continues to exist in most armies of the world.
Who Navy rear admiral can command a squadron or to be deputy commander of a flotilla.
in the USSR title of rear admiral was established in 1940.
Decals
main characters differences admirals for a long time was the number of buttons on the cuffs of his uniform.
Rear Admiral wore on one button, and then everything was on the rise: Vice-Admiral had two, and the Admiral - three.
as decoration, and along with marks of distinction were strips of tape of different colors that go diagonally uniform.Gold embroidery on the cuffs and collar also serves to distinguish between the title of naval officers.
Then, in 1807, in the form of badges were introduced epaulets with gold and silver twisted bundles.
After the revolution and during the Civil War insignia and shape as for the Army and Navy to repeatedly changed.Patches were applied valves with stripes and braids.
Modern insignia - insignia - there during the war, in 1943.At the same time introduced the word "officer".
Famous rear admiral Russian
outstanding Russian naval commander was Vladimir Istomin.
During the Crimean War, distinguished himself in the Battle of Sinop, under the command of the famous Admiral Nakhimov.For courage he received the rank of Rear Admiral.Together with Kornilov and Nakhimov was one of the leaders of the heavy defense of Sevastopol.During the defense of the city did not leave the defensive positions and lived there in the dugout.He was killed during the shelling, and is buried in a crypt with other heroic defenders of the city.
Sebastopol name associated with another brilliant Rear Admiral - Mikhail Nikolayevich Kumani.The lieutenant took part in the defense of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.He served in the Baltic Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Pacific Ocean.He received the rank of Rear Admiral and was soon appointed mayor of his native city of Sevastopol.In this position Kumani a short time before his death, was able to do very much: was completed Primorsky Boulevard, is based yacht club, opened a shelter for people with disabilities, rebuilt Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, badly damaged during the defense began publishing city newspaper.
Women Navy
weaker sex has long been actively involved in the wars.In modern armies female soldiers - quite commonplace.But it should be noted that the high positions they occupy rarely.Therefore, it is famous example of American Grace Hopper, who rose to the rank of rear admiral of the US Navy.
In addition, she was an outstanding scientist in the field of programming languages.In retirement, she filed at the age of 79 years and was at that time the most senior US naval officer.
It is named after a large number of different objects.Name Grace Hopper is a street, a park, a building.After 4 years after she left this world, the water was launched new missile frigate "Hopper", named after the "amazing grace."An example of this amazing woman shows that not only men can successfully serve in the Navy and achieve high rank and respect.
