Fluctuations - one of the most common types of mechanical motion.The most obvious example is the vibrations that makes physical pendulum.This heavy body fixed on the thread at one point.Taps pendulum from the equilibrium position and releasing it, we allow it to fall, but the fall is not done freely, and a path equal to the length of the thread.
where you can observe the process of converting potential energy into kinetic energy and back.Rejecting physical pendulum, we ask him to potential energy.Then, when it is released, it starts to move, and when returning to its equilibrium point will be the maximum speed.During the downward movement of the converts potential energy into kinetic energy.Then, moving by inertia, the body rises higher and higher, until at some point the movement stops.Here, the kinetic energy is converted back into potential.
then the pendulum starts to move in the opposite direction, and everything is repeated.Thus, we see that the physical pendulum oscillates due to make the transition of potential energy into kinetic energy and then back.The time spent on all swings, ie,then, during which the body, having gone to any point of his path, will return there again is called oscillation period.The largest deviation from the equilibrium point of the pendulum is called oscillation amplitude.
studying fluctuations, the researchers found that the period of a physical pendulum with which it oscillates, has nothing to do with the mass of the pendulum and determined only by the length of the thread and the acceleration of free fall.Occurrence oscillations can also occur when the load on the spring is fixed.In this case, the transition of the potential energy of a compressed spring into kinetic energy of movement of the load, and vice versa.
fluctuations which makes physical pendulum, or the load on the spring, when there is no effect of additional forces, called free or private.If you are going to any external influence, then such oscillations are called internally.Prolonged exposure to additional external periodic force the pendulum begins to oscillate with the frequency of the impact of the force.With such exposure may cause such phenomena as resonance.
work with the pendulum is extremely interesting and can help in solving many problems.Suffice it to recall Foucault pendulum, which succeeded in proving that the Earth rotates.In this experiment, conducted surveillance of the movement of the pendulum.To do this, use Georgia, suspended on a wire length of 67 meters.According to the plan, to the pendulum operated only the power of Earth's gravity and tension force of the wire.Whereby fluctuations should occur only in a vertical plane.
On the floor was a mound of sand and its sharp end of the pendulum motion left their mark on it.It was found that the movement is carried out not only in the vertical plane, but there is also a horizontal component.Each movement of the pendulum deviation was about three millimeters from the previous trajectory hour plane in which the pendulum swings, turned into eleven degrees.
can recall the use of the pendulum in hours, based on a constant period of its oscillations.This period depends on the length of the pendulum.Accuracy of these hours can reach considerable size.In 1954, the Soviet engineer Mabuza were created pendulum clock accuracy of which is 0.0003 with daily.
's about how you can describe what a physical pendulum, its properties and parameters, the possibility of its use in science and technology.
