Every man is, above all, a living organism, however, as other living beings on this planet.But there is one "but", which distinguishes humans from animals to man - is a carrier of consciousness, that is personality.And this aspect of human existence is not material, it can not be seen under a microscope, or touch it.But this does not mean that the concept of identity can not be studied.And this is already a lot of years of experience in psychology.But psychologists are people too, and in each of them the structure of human personality has its own interpretation.
over this question a lot of work both Western and Russian psychologists.And the last was able to create a coherent scientific system, according to which the personality structure is divided into four sub-structures.
The first of these is called the orientation of the person.This concept consists of desire, inclination, aptitude, interest, ideology, ideals and beliefs.All these elements of personality are not innate.They are caused by social and formed during upbringing.And the most stable and feature the active orientation of the person is the belief.A set of them - this is the world of man.In the passive state, it is available to all people.But people have willed their beliefs are active, and they are actively implement them.And sometimes they even impose their beliefs on others.
personality structure also includes such a thing as experience.It is the skills, knowledge, habits and skills that a person acquires in society through education.On the experience has influenced biological and genetic properties of the people.But not all of these properties at once ceases to personality traits.Single actions or skills that are just beginning to emerge, the experience has not.But if a particular person has a fixed knowledge and some skill, or it has a well-established habit or skill, they will undoubtedly become properties of his personality.The experience can be passive.In this embodiment, all the knowledge and skills are simply "dead weight."But as all of these skills and knowledge can be actively used.
The third substructure identity includes the individual characteristics of the different mental functions.It is a memory, feeling, emotion, feeling, perception, thought and will of man.After all these psychological processes of each individual work in different ways, that is, they are individual.And over time, they are fixed and become an integral personality traits.For example, one person has a phenomenal memory, the other feels the art, and the third can "boil" for nothing.Also, these components can be trained and change.However, feelings and emotions are not unique to humans, but also animals.Therefore subbase this substructure is rather a biological, not a social component.
more personality structure includes substructure such as the properties of temperament.These properties largely depend on the physiological features of the brain such as the speed with which it processes the nerve flow, balance the processes of excitation and inhibition, and the like.The age and sex of the person also affect these properties.And even disease can affect the temperament of the individual.All these features are without a biological basis, and they are very difficult to change.But by training some of these features can be altered.Here you can also, if desired, one feature to replace another.For example, some people after watching a "horror" can not sleep.This is due to strongly excite the nervous system.But this system is possible and "cheat" if "to consider elephants" or use similar tricks.
But this division into sub-structures is not unique.For example, the structure of personality according to Jung is somewhat different.This scientist has identified three major components of human personality.The first component is the consciousness of the individual or his ego.The second component - is an individual unconscious, and the third - the collective unconscious.And if individual unconscious each person of their own, the collective - all people the same.This component of the personality is the emotional legacy of the last of all humanity, and he is reborn in the structure of the brain of each individual.
And based on all of these substructures formed motivational structure of personality.That is, if we consider the various objective factors: the needs, goals, personality, ideals, conditions of activity, the level of claims.And here also include subjective factors (skills, knowledge, character and ability), and the orientation of the person, its beliefs and worldview can determine what people will make a decision in a particular situation.
