Qin Shi Huang, who was the ruler of Qin, the first in the world formed the structure of centralized power.To strengthen the integrity of the state they have been various major transformation.During his reign began the construction of Wall of China, the national road network.Moreover, he forbade Confucianism, announced the burning of books is not permitted by the government.
Brief History
Qin Shi Huang was born in 259 BC.e., in the first month of the Chinese calendar year.In this regard, he was given the name Zheng, which means "first."The birthplace of the ruler became Handan.There, his father was a hostage, and his mother - a concubine.Qin Shi Huang initiated extensive construction activity.In all the cities of the empire were built palaces and temples, so that in the vicinity of Chang'an was built 270 palaces.Rooms in them were adorned with curtains, curtains.Everywhere there lived the most beautiful concubines.Also next to the ruler of people, no one knew where he was at one time or another.He died of Qin Shi Huang in 210 BC.e.(48 years).He is buried in one of the forty-meter mounds, but his remains have not been found to this day, as the excavations in the area for some time banned.
Terracotta Army of China
Long before his death, the governor began construction of a luxury, a huge funeral complex at Mount Lishan.Construction of buildings continued for thirty-eight years.During the archaeological excavations revealed that the complex is in the form of a square.The length of the construction of 350 meters from south to north.The length is from east to west - 345 m. Memorial has a height of 76 meters.The total area of the funeral complex - 56 square meters.km.On the territory of the memorial tomb discovered three powerful.In them and buried terracotta army, cavalry combat, recreating the moment the army.Complete and it was all the government rules of the time.
Mystery Terracotta Army
Buried figures who were underground for more than two millennia, were discovered by chance in March 1974.While peasants were digging a well and ran into figures of horses and soldiers in a man's height.And it was several thousand.This was the same terracotta army of Emperor buried next to him.She had to fight for their ruler in the kingdom of death.Qin Shi Huang believed that their state will manage even from the underworld.But he was, he believed, were certainly needed soldiers.Thus was created the terracotta army.At first, the governor was going to be buried with him four thousand young soldiers.But the councilors were able to convince him not to do so.Living people have been replaced by clay statues.It was assumed that they will move the souls of all the dead soldiers in battle.At least, there is a tradition.However, for greater reliability, it was decided to increase the number of advocates of the ruler twice, that is, they became 8000.
What were the statues?
army of terracotta warriors were as real.All the statues were made with amazing diligence and a jeweler's precision.Among the figures is not identical.Those soldiers show median multinational state.So, China's terracotta army was not only directly from residents.Among the soldiers were the Mongols, Tibetans and Uighurs, and representatives of other nationalities.Each garment was made in accordance with that period.Armor, footwear reproduced in the fashion of the time with amazing accuracy.
Galleries
first appears before the eyes of the hall area of 210 x 60 meters.He laid at a depth of 4.9 m. It is about 6 thousand infantry.Is a statue of 11 parallel corridors.Ahead of infantry are chariots, horses are harnessed.Unlike clay human figures and horse chariots were originally made of wood.That is why from them is almost nothing left.Marines, which are located around them, armed with bamboo spears, six-meter, using which, the soldiers blocked the road to the enemies of the horses.On the two chariots were once raised alarm bells and drums, the battle in which the orders were given, and determines the direction of the attack.In northern and eastern corridors are also located the soldiers guarding the approaches to the wings to the main parts.They, like most Marines, no shields.The fact that the terracotta army of Qin Shi Huang was only brave and strong men who are not afraid of death, did not wear any shields or armor.In the minds of the officers were usually caps, while the ordinary soldiers - false hair in the form of bundles.In the 2nd room is about 1400 pieces of horses and soldiers.The second gallery is located about twenty meters from the first.Soldiers of the 2nd room differ significantly from those that were in the first.The third gallery is only 68 pieces.Presumably, this staff officers and orderlies.
how to make figures?
As technology lepilos first body.Below the statue was a monolithic and massive, respectively.It is on this account for the entire lower part of the center of gravity.On top of a hollow body shapes.After the body was burned, it was attached to the hands and head.In conclusion, the sculptor sculpted face, covering his head with a thin additional layer of clay.Every soldier had his own individual expression.It is precisely transferred and hairstyle every soldier.While hair have been the subject of increased attention.Figures fired a few days at a constant temperature of not less than a thousand degrees.With this duration of firing the clay hardens, becoming as granite.After that, the best artists paint was applied to the statue.It should be noted that the terracotta army were painted in natural colors.But for two millennia paint still become faded, and in some places completely disappeared.
Other finds discovered in the funerary complex of bronze chariots with horses harnessed to them, is the most popular means of transport, which has been used a ruler, court staff and concubines.Among the found items as weapons should be noted, linen and silk products, and so on.Excellent preserved swords.Their blades were still sharp, as in the old days, and touch them with a bare hand is simply impossible - once is cut.Eleven corridors of the main hall are separated by thick walls.Ancient craftsmen Top with whole tree trunks, which are covered with mats.On top of this was poured tridtsatisantimetrovy layer of cement.On it it was laid three meters of land.It's supposed to provide protection for the deceased ruler in the realm of the living.But, unfortunately, the calculation failed.
peasant uprising
A few years after the death of its ruler Chinese terracotta army was defeated.In the reign of his son Er.Inept heir caused a flurry of popular discontent.Erupted peasant rebellion - a rebellion, which is so feared ruler advisers.Crush the discontent of the people there was no one: Er Shi Huang was limp and weak.Outraged rebels looted and then burned motionless army.It must be said that these actions were not so much an act of vandalism, as a practical solution rebellious.The fact that before his death, the first ruler commanded to destroy all existing weapons, moreover, that had to have soldiers terracotta army.As a result, the state had no weapons, but it was buried under the ground 8000 excellent new sets of bows, arrows, swords, spears, shields.As a result, the rebels seized weapons from the army of the first emperor, defeated the government troops.Untalented young heir to the throne, was killed by his courtiers.
Conclusion For centuries, various attempts were made to find the treasure in the funeral complex, was taken a great number of expeditions.And participated in them as researchers, archaeologists and ordinary robbers.It should be noted that many of these efforts have paid with their lives.According to eyewitnesses, including excavation and then find human skeletons.Today, many of the values have changed.For example, the clay from which the walls are made, the cost can be compared to gold.One brick of that ancient era worth tens of thousands of dollars.
