name Anne Frank is known to many, but few people know the history of the life of this brave girl.Anne Frank, whose full name Anneliese Marie Frank was a Jew, born in Germany, 12 June 1929, in the period between the two world wars.During the war, due to the persecution suffered by the Jews, the family of Anna was forced to leave the country and go to the Netherlands to escape the Nazi terror.During their stay in the shelter, she wrote memoirs, which were published many years after the war, under the name of "The Diary of Anne Frank."This work was translated into many languages and has gained wide popularity throughout the world.Although the authenticity of the memoirs of doubt in 1981 examination has been proven that they are completely authentic.
Childhood
Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish family.The girl was a complete family: father, mother and sister.Anna's parents, Otto and Edith Hollander Frank, were simple respectable married couple: he - a former officer, and she - a housewife.Anna's older sister called Margot, and she was born only three years earlier - February 16, 1926
After Hitler became head of state and the Nazi Party won the elections in the municipality of Frankfurt, Otto, the father of the family was forced to emigratedue to the deteriorating political situation in order to prepare the ground for the move the whole family.So he went to Amsterdam, where he became director of the joint-stock community.Soon the whole family was able to move to the Netherlands for six months after moving to father.
When Anne Frank moved to Amsterdam, she began attending kindergarten, and then went to a Montessori school.After graduating from the sixth grade she transferred to a specialized high school for the children of Jewish origin.
Life in the shelter
In 1940, military forces managed to break through the German defense and occupy the territory of the Netherlands.As soon as the Wehrmacht appointed his government in the occupied territories, there began active persecution of the Jews.
Hardly Anna was 13 years old, her older sister, Margot Frank, received a summons to the Gestapo.Two weeks later, the family went to the shelter.Anne Frank and his family were able to hide in a place, equipped members of the firm, in which her father worked.Colleagues Otto was chosen by the back of the office building in which they worked at Prinsengracht, 263. Entrance to the empty room was decorated like a file cabinet, to avoid any suspicion.Soon after the family Frank settled in a secret room, they were joined by another couple Van Pels with their son and doctor Fritz Pfeffer.
little later Anna began to write his memoirs, which subsequently made her famous, but recognition came to the young writer, unfortunately, even after her death.
Diary of Anne Frank
Critics and readers about this work only once again confirms that it is worth reading.It shows not only the suffering of the victim suffered the Holocaust, but also all the loneliness that is felt ill girl in the Nazi world.
diary written in the form of letters to a fictional girl kitty.The first message is dated June 12, 1942, t. E. Thirteenth day the girls.In these letters, Anna describes the most common events in the shelter with her and with the other inhabitants.The author gave the name of his memoirs "In the back the house» (Het Achterhuis).In the Russian language the name translated as "Asylum."
Initially, the purpose of writing the diary was an attempt to escape from the harsh reality.But in 1944 this situation changed.The radio message Anna heard the Minister of Education of the Netherlands.He spoke of the need to preserve any documents that may be indicative of the Nazi repression against the people, especially of Jewish origin.One of the most important testimonies were called personal diaries.
hearing this message, Anna began to write a novel based on the already existing diaries.However, making out a novel, she did not stop to fill up the original version with new records.
All the characters in the book and the diary - a shelter occupants.It is not known why, but the author has chosen not to use real names and came up with nicknames for all.Family Van Pels Entries acts under the name Petronella, and Fritz Pfeffer Albert Dussel called.
arrest and death
Anne Frank, a summary of the novel, which shows how much she had to endure, was the victim of a scammer.He said that the building hides a group of Jews.Soon, all hiding in the shelter were detained by police and sent to concentration camps.
Anne and her sister Margot older were in the Westerbork transit camp and were later redirected to Auschwitz.Then the two sisters were sent to Bergen-Belsen, where a few months later they died of typhus.The exact dates of their deaths are not registered, we only know that soon after the camp was liberated by the British.
proof of authorship
Once the work has been published and has gained widespread popularity, have doubts about the authorship.Therefore, in 1981, he was an examination paper and ink manuscript of the diary, which was proof that the document does correspond to the time of its writing.According to other accounts, which left the Anne Frank, she was also conducted handwriting analysis, which has become an additional proof that the work is authentic, and that Anna is the author.
engaged in the publication of Otto Frank, the girl's father, who, after her death removed from the record some points about his wife - his mother Anna.But in the subsequent editions of the fragments were recovered.
investigation
After the war Amsterdam police took wanted man, who told about the whereabouts of asylum residents the Gestapo.In official documents the name of the informer is not preserved, it is known only that every Jew, including Anne Frank, brought him seven and a half guilders.The investigation to find the informer was terminated as soon as Otto Frank refused to take part in it.But when the blog gained popularity around the world and has been translated into many languages, admirers of Anne and just people who want revenge for the loss of life of innocent people and demanded to continue the search for the culprit.
Informer
There are several versions about the potential informer.As the suspects called three people: employee stock Willem van Maariv worker Lena van Bladeren Hartog and partner Anne's father Anton Ahlersa.Researchers involved in this issue, divided into two camps.Some believe that a guilty worker Lena Hartog, whose son had been a concentration camp prisoner, and she did not want to compromise myself, so reported to the Gestapo.According to another version, the traitor is Anton Ahlers.With regard to this theory, there are many ambiguous information.On the one hand, the brother and son Ahlersa claim that he personally admitted to them that he became an informer.On the other hand, the investigation, which was conducted by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation, showed that Ahlers this is not involved.
Museum
House Anne Frank is in the same house where she and her family hid in a shelter in Amsterdam.The museum contains all the elements of life that used the refugees.During the tour guides talk about the daily life of the inhabitants of the cache, how they washed, obtained from newspapers and how to celebrate family holidays.
In the museum you can also see the original diary, which was written by Anna.Excerpts from the memoirs tell of how the girl wanted to touch the tree that grew outside and take a walk in the fresh air.But all the windows were tightly closed premises, and opened only at night for fresh air.
represented in the collection as a variety of things, the owner of which was Anne Frank, photos and more.Here you can watch a film about Anna and buy one copy of the diary, which was translated into 60 languages.Also in the exhibition can be found statuette "Oscar", which received one of the actresses who played in the film that is based on the diary.
film
«Diary of Anne Frank" was filmed in 1959 by director George Stevens.The main difference from the book - it is the place where Anne Frank lived.The film touched on the main motives of memoirs, and its creators have tried to reflect as accurately as possible all the hardships and difficulties that the residents had to deal seekers.As noted above, one of the actress was even awarded the "Oscar".
Anne Frank, whose biography is filled with many hardships, suffering and pain, trying to cope with the complexity of everyday life in the shelter, but her diary was the result of these efforts.Letters addressed to a fictitious friend, reflect the full depth of loneliness that is experienced girl, and talk about the torture of the Jewish people.But all the suffering endured by her only prove how strong the human will, and how much you can survive, you just have to try.
