Professional business, despite its not very long history, was a radical and very intense evolution.This development took several stages, one of which is the evolution of management.The formation of the science of business management has historically influenced by socio-economic factors of reference of social production.The evolution in the historical context of management started during the primitive accumulation of capital.The era of the Reformation and the Enlightenment in Europe, contributed to the development of cultural and political conditions of the development of the industry.During this period, there are laws and centralized states, which kept the members of society such as traders, artisans and merchants.The success is based on hard work, understood as a measure of the efficiency of capital, fair trade and served as a breeding ground nascent capitalism.
Evolution of Management received a new spiral in the time of the first industrial revolution, which opened mass production, replacing small craft manufacture.Existing trade has also produced some economic infrastructure, warehouses, roads, finance and transport.This infrastructure could unite the different countries, creating a single market for goods.Finance capital became crowded, and he began looking for a variety of spheres of application and found them in the intensive development of the industry.The new capitalist enterprises are short of manpower, and they were able to get it as a result of the collapse of the feudal economy.Capitalist Enterprises and companies for a long time did not have a civilized competition.Exploitation of cheap children's and women's work, fierce competition "for survival", a ruthless plunder of colonies and the capture of new markets - these are the traits of "free capitalism" that existed until the end of the XIX century.
The existing situation does not correspond to the intensive development of science and technology, so began to appear and new trends.The energy of some businessmen went to improve the old and the invention of modern industrial technology, efficient production organization, with the aim to find its niche in the market.The industrial revolution, ultimately, to ensure the transition to the consolidation and development of the production structure of mass production.Evolution of management at this time is particularly notable because the main goal of most firms at the time was significant economic growth.Making a profit was achieved by mechanization and expansion of production, increase the output of standard products, reduce production costs.While winning those manufacturers who offer standard products at low prices.In this approach, the attention of entrepreneurs and their managers concentrated on the efficiency of the production mechanism.It is important to understand the relationship between the state and business in that era.The business sector has been set aside, the social and political control of the public is minimized.Economic protectionism and tax policy - this is all that is needed from the business of the state.The era of mass production, as we all know, ended in a deep crisis of overproduction.
Past industrial views came in complete contradiction with the new demands of consumers.Thus, the evolution of management required to change the orientation of the production to a market economy.Provisions to reduce the cost of the enterprises have been completely exhausted.The company's success has become heavily dependent on external conditions.Management tasks demanded not the conquest of markets, and create new ones.The first went to the market-oriented industries producing consumer products and businesses with the complex process that produced tools, components, semi-finished products and machines.The period of mass marketing has created a comprehensive marketing convention, which was to balance the requirements of production and its marketing.Market saturation and overproduction of goods brought an end to this era.
At this time, growing middle class, which had a higher request.Changed and the role of managers and entrepreneurs who are in the new environment could not successfully run their own affairs, and therefore increased the role of managers (managers, professionals and line managers).Managers ensure maximum productivity of all resources and are responsible for carrying out scientific and technical progress and to achieve the greatest efficiency of the entire economic life.
Evolution of strategic management is characterized by the appearance of specific techniques and their implementation in the constant practice of the companies and firms.Historians are divided into four main stages of development planning: long-term planning, budgeting, strategic planning and management.
evolution of financial management is characterized by the emergence and development of specific financial activities of entrepreneurship and business.The growing needs of the private sector tasked a special examination of all the provisions of the management and the need to highlight it as a separate sphere of knowledge.
