identify the main forms of life, philosophers have always thought about what takes place in the ontology of physical and real, whether it has a single root cause, and whether the very basis of all existence.Teachings about the eternity of the physical world gives us another ancient India and China.Therefore we can say that the development of the philosophy of any historical forms of materialism.The earliest of them, Antique, identify matter with a specific substance or its symbol, from which there are various bodies and objects, and what they lost, turn (water, "Apeiron", air, fire, atoms and the void ...).That is, as correctly noted by Aristotle, the philosophers of this trend believe that the essence of the first principle does not change, it just appears to us in different forms.
Although such ideas were popular figures of the Renaissance, it is assumed that it is the XVII century became home to another form of materialism - mechanistic.Descartes determines the matter as a kind of independent existence, and its attribute is called length.Newton adds to the properties of this substance has impenetrability, inertia and weight (the latter two it combines the concept of mass).The thinkers of the Enlightenment defined matter as everything is understandable feelings and sensations, and even all that exists outside of human consciousness.However, the relationship between different things and phenomena at the time was seen under the then dominant scientific view of the world as a purely mechanical, like a huge complicated watches, where each wheel or cog plays a role.
One of the few attempts to explain the history of mankind and social relations on the basis of the material principles of Marxism began.A huge role in this was played by the doctrine of Feuerbach about the objectivity of matter, as well as the classics of German philosophy of rationalism.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the founders of this movement in the history of the ideas put forward at the first practice of the relationship between man and the world.They said that the fundamental question of philosophy itself is the problem of primacy, and recognized the priority matter as a fundamental principle of existence, including social.Thus was born the dialectical and historical materialism.
Within the framework of the Marxist concept of its creators used the principles of Hegel's dialectic is not only for the analysis of nature, but of politics, economics and other social processes and phenomena.So they came to a new set of issues related to the life of society.If the previous philosophy considered as the driving force of social development ideas and theory, historical materialism focuses on economic life, and, above all, in the sphere of activity, giving products production.The relationship in this area, from the point of view of this theory, determine all other kinds of relationships between groups of people and are the economic basis of social life.And this is the existence of forms public consciousness (that is, the dominant morality, law, ideas, and so on).
Marx and Engels failed to open the recurrence of certain elements in the process of development and different eras.From this they concluded that not only nature, but society is moving forward according to certain laws.Historical materialism does not only identifying these laws, but also the release of the individual steps in the process of their actions.Scientists have called these steps socio-economic formation, the appearance of which play a role not only and not so much the individuals as the huge mass of people.They also set out their vision of the reasons is there and functioning government, social groups (classes) as fighting and interact with each other, show the evolution of the family, and so on.
historical materialism in his own way raises the problem of man.Marxist philosophy is the essence of human social traits, a set of social relations.Therefore, a special role played by theoretical understanding of this social phenomenon as alienation.Thus the term founders of Marxism describe a very complex phenomenon, as a result of various human activities the process of it, as the results are transformed into a kind of external force.She begins to rule over the people, to put pressure on them, they replace all other feelings and attitudes.This is due to operation, and lies at the heart of recent private ownership of the means by which the production takes place.Therefore, they suggested seemed to them the only possible way out of this situation - the change of the form of ownership of these funds - from private to public.
