term "management" in the last twenty years has become firmly established in our everyday lives.However, few Russians know that he has a long and interesting history, in which was formed a few large schools, most of which operate at the moment.These areas represent different approaches to the management of the enterprise for which there are differences in the understanding of man's place in the administration.
one of the first there was a school of scientific management.Its emergence and further development is largely associated with the names of famous personalities such as F. Taylor, G. Gantt, spouses Gilbert.All of them in their work based on the fact that the scientific approach to the production, using techniques such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, you can achieve high perfection.That division of all production processes in the simplest operations with subsequent thorough regulation and laid the foundations of what we today call the "school of scientific management."
F. Taylor and his followers identified three main points, which, in their opinion, had to significantly increase productivity and efficiency.The first component was a rationalization, which, among other things, requires a search for each participant in the process of the optimal workplace with training in this new, more rational methods of work.
second link has been scientifically proved the formal structure of the enterprise.The school of scientific management has laid the foundations of what is today called "personnel management."This activity, which includes a sound approach to the recruitment and the skillful use of the best qualities and abilities of employees to achieve the goal.
Finally, the third cornerstone upon which school of scientific management, is a complete rejection of the combination of managerial and executive functions.According to Taylor, in any enterprise must be seen a clear structure, from which it becomes clear what a particular manager or a simple worker responsible.However, if there is consolidation of functions in the same hands, almost always ends with a decrease in the basic indicators of the company.
Along with the school Taylor imprint on the history of management left the administrative management of the school in which to note the work of such luminaries as G. Emerson, L. Urwick A. Fayolle, Weber.These scientists have sought to ensure, to develop universal principles that can be applied to any organization, regardless of scale and scope.Among the main principles of such a requirement may be noted articulate the basic objective approach to production, primarily from the standpoint of common sense, the need for specialized knowledge and strict adherence to all the rules of internal labor regulations.
Among the more modern trends can be identified in the management area, which was called "School of management science."Its main theorists are R. Ackoff, Bir S., L. Klein.These scientists famously the first to highlight in the management of so-called "social dimension", as well as extensive use of information technology.
