Fire Safety Act.

fires cause huge damage.In many cases they are accompanied by not only the destruction of buildings, equipment, utilities, and even death.In this regard, today has become urgent protection of fire safety.At the governmental level adopted regulations governing this area.Next, take a closer look, what the fire safety facilities, as well as what security measures must be taken to prevent and combat fires.

General

purpose of fire protection is the search of the most effective, feasible and economically justified from a technical point of view, means and methods of fire prevention and eradication.The main task - to minimize the damage in the most rational use of energy and methods of extinguishing.Fire safety - it is a state of the object, in which primarily eliminates the possibility of ignition.In the case of its occurrence within the protection provided for the necessary measures.The main goal pursued by fire safety - is the elimination of the negative impact of the hazards of fire on people, material goods and facilities.

Legislation

main legal act regulating the procedure, according to which the established fire safety - is the Federal Law №69.Legal regulation in this area is the authorized body of the relevant documents, the effect of which is directed to the management of public relations concerning the protection.The development of regulations made by the executive authorities in the manner specified by the Government.Subjects of the country have the right to create and approve, within its competence documents, the provisions of which are aimed at ensuring and strengthening the protection of facilities from fire.Any order or an order to fire safety must comply with the general federal requirements.

development and adoption of measures

Law "On Fire Safety" establishes certain requirements for protective measures.Development of measures carried out in accordance with the regulatory framework in force in the country, as well as on the basis of experience in dealing with the consequences of fires, assessment of materials, substances, products, processes, structures, buildings and structures.The law "On Fire" requires suppliers (manufacturers) to maintain appropriate technical documentation for products.In it, besides the description, there should be instructions for use.The technical characteristics of the product you must specify the class of fire safety products.It is necessary to select the method of processing and transportation.

competent authorities, developing the system of fire safety facilities should provide solutions by means of which will be provided by the evacuation of people.This task should be implemented at the design stage.For all enterprises and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership, to be a plan of fire safety.He is, among other things, should include measures to ensure the protection of personnel and population of the surrounding areas.Fire safety systems must be approved by state and local authorities.

Provide protection against fire in the enterprise

Fire safety - is one of the main characteristics of the object.On the basis of its estimated level of protection, as well as the effectiveness of the measures envisaged.In order to protect the territory of the enterprise, database, storage must be kept clean.After completion of the work area must be cleared of flammable debris, packaging and other material that can pose a threat of fire.It must be regularly disposed of, exported in the designated areas.

Fire Safety Plan should provide free access to all facilities, buildings, structural elements.Entrance and transportation to water must always be open.On the premises at night should work lighting.It is forbidden to make fires, burn waste, packaging materials and containers within the enterprise.Administrative, warehouse, industrial, commercial and other facilities must be provided the primary means of extinguishing in accordance with existing regulations.Smoking is not permitted on the territory of the warehouse and retail space.To this must be a special place.Protection devices and technological door openings in intermediate floors and walls must be in working order.

At the intersection of fire barriers in different communication gaps between building structures do not have to penetrate the combustion products.External stairs and railings on the roofs of buildings must be in good condition.Storage wiping material is carried out in special metal boxes with lids.After performing the necessary work packaging should be exempt from rags.Overalls employees using paints, varnishes, oils, should be kept in metal cabinets that should be installed in special locations.Local regulations of the order should be set in accordance with the audited fire safety.

categories of objects

According SNIP, production is divided into 6 groups by explosion, explosive and fire hazard:

A - plants using combustible gases, the lower level of inflammation which is up to 10%.In addition, these substances can form an explosive compound in a volume greater than 5% of the volume of the space.Category A also include companies where applicable gases and liquids capable of interacting with oxygen, water, or with each other to burn and explode.
B - production, which use gases with a lower level of ignition of more than 10%.This category includes also companies where there are flammable fibers and dust from the lower flammable limit of 65 g / m3 or less.In
- production where applicable flammable liquids with a flash point over 610 degrees.This category includes companies that use solid materials, which are able to burn without exploding on contact with water, air or with each other.
T - production where use non-combustible materials and compounds in the molten, hot or hot and gases, solids and liquids acting as fuel.
D - enterprises in which the treatment of non-combustible materials and raw materials in the cold state.
E - production where explosive materials are used in an amount of more than 5% of the volume of the space and wherein in accordance with process conditions may occur only explosion without burning.This category includes also companies that use compounds that can in contact with oxygen, water, or with each other to explode.

Categories zones

In accordance with the EMP, which is regulated by the electrical device in industrial areas and in outdoor installations, the main criterion is the class of fire safety.Today made several categories of areas.In particular, the release:

Class B. This category includes areas on which can form explosive mixtures of gases and vapors with air under normal operating conditions.
Class B-1a.In these areas under normal operating conditions do not form explosive mixtures, but it is possible with faults and failures.
class of fire safety B-1b.He was treated area where the flammable vapors and gases with a high level of lower ignition and a pungent smell, as well as production, which can form explosive mixtures, the volume of which more than 5% of the plant.
Class B-1B.He was treated outdoor setting, where there are explosive liquids, vapors and gases.
Class V-2.In areas of this category are processed combustible dust and fibers capable of forming explosive mixtures under typical operating conditions.
Class B-2a.He was treated zones where flammable fibers and dust may form explosive mixtures in the case of a malfunction or accident.
Class P-1.This category includes production, which contain flammable liquids.
Class P-2.In the production of the presence of combustible dust, the lower concentration limit is greater than 65 g / m3.
Class II-2a.This category includes production, in which flammable substances are present in the solid state is not able to go into suspension.
Class II-3.This category includes the installation, which contains flammable liquid and solid compounds.

Fire safety in the New Year holidays

halls in which to hold mass actions must be no higher than the second floor and have 2 output.According to the rules, according to which should be provided by fire safety in the garden, schools, other institutions, in accessible locations should be placed extinguishing agents.Christmas tree should be placed on a stable stand.It is placed away from radiators and exits.Branches should not touch the curtains, curtains and other flammable materials.

Procedure, according to which fire safety is ensured in preschool, school and other institutions, allows the use to decorate Electrogarlands factory production.All costumes, wool, gauze toys must be treated with flame retardant.For its production take 150 g of sodium hydroxide and 50 g of starch is dissolved in warm water (1 L).Garments and toys are soaked in it for 10 minutes, then dried.

Procedure, according to which fire safety is ensured in preschool, school and other institutions prohibits the use for the manufacture of Christmas decorations combustible materials.Do not use fireworks, sparklers, candles, firecrackers during the event.Particularly threatening are long standing, dry trees, which are made of synthetic material.When burned, they release harmful toxic compounds.

Fire safety in the New Year's holidays is provided by responsible persons institutions.The event must be present on duty in the administration.The main responsibility of the director of the institution.Before carrying out the activities to be carried out fire safety checks.

NSOM

to ensure the protection of property, health and life of people in institutions, enterprises and the surrounding areas need to develop a plan for fire safety.The document is subject to state expertise.The application scans the full set, including diagrams, drawings, and other paper.The plan of fire safety, it is advisable to seek the assistance of competent professionals.In the development must take into account the structural features of the building and the procedure for its operation.Natl consists of textual and graphical parts.Let us examine them in detail.

text block

It contains:

calculation of risk and safety measures.
list and description of the places in which is located protective equipment recommendations for the use and reporting features with all the structural elements of the building.
Safety category object.
Description of the water supply outside buildings and an indication of the entrance ways to the art.
Specifies the exact distance between sites, external objects, which provide adequate security.
measures to create the necessary conditions in the liquidation of fire.
Solutions to ensure the protection of people in fire.
list of facilities, installations and equipment, which is connected to an automatic alarm system and which are subject to mandatory protection by means of quenching.

graphical part

It contains:

fire protection scheme.
drawing area with some access roads for the equipment and the way for the exit of the territory.
evacuation plan.

Features compilation

plan formed in stages.The process of drafting the document should be controlled by an authorized person.As it usually acts as a fire inspector.In accordance with GOST, regulating the development of the plan, the graphic part should be made as clear and simple as it is a visual aid.It should be taken into consideration even minor architectural nuances, especially ventilation systems, air flow, possible areas of smoke.We must take into account any factors that can affect the course of the evacuation of people from the building.Special care should be to study the issue of mass gathering in narrow areas.These include, in particular, the stairways, hallways, doorways.Density in these areas must not exceed 9 per square meter.

Security System

Its aim appears primarily to prevent fire.Along with this is to protect people and property in the ignition.The fire safety system includes the following components:

complex organizational and technical measures.
Measures to prevent fire.
fire protection system.

Measures to prevent ignition are a special complex that eliminates the possibility of exceeding the allowable risk values.Limit values set in accordance with the above Law "On Fire Safety".A set of measures aimed at prevention of threats and damage due to fire.Excluding the probability of fire is achieved by avoiding the situation at the enterprise, institution, organization or a combustible environment formation conditions for the formation of ignition sources.

purpose of protecting the complex is to provide the appropriate conditions to prevent the negative impact or limit it.This task is accomplished by reducing the growth dynamics of the hazards, evacuation and extinguishing measures.The system of providing fire protection should be different resistance to the negative effects of fire for a period which is necessary to eliminate the emergency.In accordance with this equipment, through which the warning, detection and evacuation must operate in an uninterrupted mode.This alarm system should be automatic.

In conclusion

Today, the country imposed strict requirements on fire safety in enterprises and institutions.The rules allow you to properly protect property and people.Violation of fire safety can cause serious and sometimes irreversible consequences.In this connection, it tightens and responsibility of officials, inspectors, managers for improper execution of orders.