history - it is a science, which is based on reliable facts.But sometimes these facts are not enough, then the gaps are filled with conjectures, opinions, speculations.Different scholars put forward their own versions, but, as you know, the truth is somewhere in the middle.Many secrets are covered with the dust of centuries that hides from us the essence of the phenomenon, the issue or event.Today, one of the dark side that has no unambiguous assessment can be considered the period of Mongol rule in Russia.Heavy Russian people for a long time to stop the development of the country and even threw it back.Scientists still can not agree in opinion on what the function performed, and all who are baskaks.The picture seems to be clear: it is the governors of the conquered territories in the khan.But all is not so simple.
chronicles were well developed and widely used in Kievan Rus.However, the first book of the chronicles talked about Rurikovich: their arrival on the banks of the Dnieper, their resettlement and the basis of new cities, anti-turbulent neighbors, nomadic and sedentary tribes.Since the second half of the thirteenth century, they radically changed: the authors appears sad as Russian land have become dependent on the Mongol Empire, so people have to very hard.And they start to meet new terms, such as "baskak."This word refers to the Golden official who is necessarily present in every conquered the capital city.Over time, the rulers of the Jochi Ulus, who became a separate state - the Golden Horde, withdrew them.The reason was part of the excitement of local residents and their dissatisfaction with the presence of strangers.
What does baskaks in Russia?Some historians believe that the main (and only) their duty was to command large units that provide timely collection of tribute and obedience.Other scientists argue that baskak - Khan is authorized official, who controlled the policy of the Russian princes.Others are of the opinion that baskaks had their own troops, but had the right, if necessary, call a punitive detachment of the Horde.Called military reinforcements in case of disobedience, refusal to pay taxes and so on.In one
converge almost all scientists, though, and found no evidence so far: baskak - a person who was involved in the collection of tribute.Rather, he fulfilled several functions and has represented the High Khan.But it is known that the tribute was collected by individuals, tax farmers, who are appointed in the Karakorum, the capital of the empire.At the same time the history of uprisings against unknown facts Baskakov, but against the tax farmers tribute to the people going to war several times.
can conclude that baskak - a significant figure in the history of Russian lands, which, however, offended the locals, because it reminds them of the yoke.And the fact of the removal of officials from the cities was assessed as positive.He testified that the impact of the Golden Horde in Russia weakened, and then completely disappeared.But to put an end to the long-standing dispute many scientists can only time and more research.
