Mariana Trench - the deepest trench is in the ocean.It is close to the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean.Through these places each year are many ships.Even today, the deepest trench has not yet revealed all its secrets.Its depth is about 11 kilometers with an accuracy of 40 m, and the pressure at the bottom - 1100 atm.In such circumstances, even the state of the art does not permit full-scale investigation.
Relief and Biosphere
The average depth of the Mariana Trench in the area is 3.7 km away.During her observations in the area it was found volcanoes, which are at a depth of more than 6 km.Studies have also shown that at great depths (7 km deep) inhabited by a variety of sea creatures that had previously been considered impossible due to the enormous pressure.Among them are many that are described in sufficient detail.The deepest trough is a habitat for crabs, brittle stars, polychaete worms, echiura, starfish, flat fish, sea cucumbers and bivalves.Many organisms are very strange and different bright colors, though greater depths sunlight does not penetrate.Very strange feature of the inhabitants of the Mariana Trench is their size.Many of them are much more of their relatives, who live not so far from the ocean surface.
first tried to explore the Mariana Trench More British in 1872 on a sailing corvette "Challenger", which was rebuilt under the oceanographic and hydrological studies and made soundings.However, the first significant data by British scientists were produced only in 1951.The researchers determined the approximate depth of the depression.Gutter on the results turned out to be able to accommodate the highest mountain - Mount Everest.Howe went into the ocean depths in the 10863 meters.Prior to these studies, the world only knew about what the deepest trench in the world.Once their interest in the Mariana Trench has increased significantly.
In 1957 this place was investigated by Soviet scientists.They also found and a maximum depth of the depression - 11022 m. It was found the presence of the living creatures in the depths of 7 km and more.It was a sensation, because until these studies, scientists believed that at such depths can survive only simple.
about how called the deepest trench in the middle of the 20th century already knew almost everything.In 1960, the bottom fell trough people.It did explorer Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, a US military armored bathyscaphe "Trieste".Instruments showed that the unit plunged to a depth of 11.5 km, but then it was adjusted to 10918 m. Researchers at the bottom of stayed a little over 10 minutes.However, this time it was enough to find it flat fish, a flounder-like.The dive lasted for five hours, and the ascent took three.
In the 90s there were several attempts (with varying degrees of success) to plunge into depression.It received a lot of new data.A very important role in studies of Japanese scientists played.Trying to look more closely into the Mariana Trench taken in our days.
