years oprichnina Ivan the Terrible, have played a significant role in the history of the formation of the Russian state.The king was seated on the throne in 1547.But in the early years of his reign, the main political course of the state was not oprichnina Ivan the Terrible.
briefly about reforms Chosen Rada
Selected Rada became the de facto government, assembled from the nobles the boyars, nobles, some government officials and representatives of the clergy.This government operated from 1547 to 1560 year.In fact, all his reforms were aimed at centralization and the state an absolute power, creating a single nationwide public bodies and orders.Actually, these trends require time itself.Absolutization monarchical control is exactly the same and in Western Europe.
oprichnina Ivan the Terrible: briefly about the reasons
However, the activity and the very existence of the Selected Rada for a variety of reasons over time begins to contradict the aspirations of Ivan the Terrible.In 1560 there is a rupture between the king and his companions, and what was the result oprichnina Ivan the Terrible.Briefly about the reasons for rupture of the alliance, it should be noted that the progressive nature of the reforms Chosen Parliament over time bored king.The latter began to feel that the boyars purposely delayed the centralization of the state, in fact, in 1560 he accused two members of the Selected Rada - Sylvester and Adasheva - that they want to focus the real levers of power in his own hands.An important reason for the gap becomes a conflict between the informal leaders of the government and the royal wife Anastasia St George.After her early death has repeatedly accused the king of the boyars that they "got used to light it."The last spark finally inflame hostility Boyar Ivan IV to the top, is the shift of one of the members of the former Chosen Rada Andrei Kurbsky to the Poles during the Livonian War.The reasons which led the latter to do so, it was complained that the king tramples ispokonvechnye liberties and the rights of nobility.In response, the king himself generates compliant body guardsmen, who begins a large-scale terror against the aristocracy in the country.
oprichnina Ivan the Terrible: briefly hold
1565 in Muscovy begins a fierce struggle to eliminate, rather, the physical destruction of the Boyar layer.The country is divided into two parts: one part was the personal destiny of the king and called oprichnina.Other control Boyar Duma and was called zemshchina.Oprichnina territory continuously increased and covered much of the land in the country.The political essence of the oprichnina Ivan the Terrible, was the fact that the king has made to the rights and the consent of the boyars that he can willfully expose the disgrace and execution of all those whom he deems as traitors.Needless to say that after the flight Kurbsky king saw traitors and conspirators everywhere among the boyar elite?Over the following years, hundreds of families of aristocrats were evicted from their lands ceded oprichniki.His terror reached its climax in 1570, when he was killed in Russia last feudal prince Vladimir Staritskiy.Commits a punitive campaign against Novgorod, Klin, Torzhok, Tver.Hundreds of villages have been slept in Moscow committed mass executions.
Results Oprichnina
This policy resulted in the weakening of the political role of the country's nobility.As a result, the king has made autocracy.On the one hand, despotism, and the fact of mass destructions and killings - negative trends.However, the absolute rule has created a strong and efficient army for its time the state apparatus, which resulted in the gradual expansion of public areas.
