As in many advanced countries in Europe, the development of sociology as a science in Russia began in the middle of the XIX century.This discipline is a branch that studies the laws of the functioning of society and its structure.However, its development in our country is determined by a lot of historical shocks and the political situation at a particular time.
Pre-revolutionary period
first Russian sociologists to a large extent been inspired by the development of Western scholars.First of Auguste Comte, Georg Simmel and Emile Durkheim.However, in domestic terms, this science has acquired a very special character.On the local soil its main problem was the national idea.
It was then that Russian sociologists have created many fateful for the country (and some are popular even today) concept: Slavophilism, Westernism, and so on.The emergence of two camps while supporting these ideas defined the sociological thought in the country in the middle of the XIX century.Slavophiles were convinced that the historical conditions in Russia have formed here a totally unique social organism, hence the need for further self-development and the rejection of the ideas of the European way, and even more so from the integration.Russian sociologists Westernising sentiment regarded Russia as part of a pan-European civilization and called for the separation of the relevant values and speedy integration into the European family.
Toward the end of the XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century Russian scientific thought was the best course of subjectivism.The Russian reality that teaching involves the ability of an individual significantly affect the course of history at will, regardless of the objective laws of social and historical development.The most famous Russian sociologists pre-revolutionary period: N. Danilevsky, N. Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov and others.
sociology in the Soviet state
In the first post-revolutionary decade, there were still quite a lot of freedom for the development of sociological ideas.The party was busy with internal contradictions and struggles of views on how the course should develop the state.The science of society in this period, it is recognized and supported, even, than using Russian sociologists.
Thus, in Petrograd and Yaroslavl universities have even set up the department.In 1919, the country was founded by Institute of Sociology, published relevant literature.However, the farther away, the more free-press down, replaced by a Marxist approach to the study of society.
In 1930 sociology at all government is in disgrace, becoming a pseudo-science.New timid attempt of revival taking Russian sociologists of the 20th century in the second half, when in the 1960s it was interrupted development continues in the related sciences - philosophy and economics.Specific recognition of the science of social development only gets in 1970-1980's, and the restructuring and completely free.However, the financial collapse of the state led sociology, as well as many other sciences, for years to come to a standstill.
