Social Stratification - is the main theme of sociology.She describes how sectors of society share in its way of life, by income, by the way, they have some privileges or not.Sociologists "borrow" the term geologists.There he denotes as sods located in vertical section.Sociologists, too, like the structure of the Earth, which is located strata - social strata - vertically.Criteria of social stratification in a simplified version of a limited scale - income.On the lower level is poor, in the middle - the wealthy, and on top - the richest.In each stratum includes people, income, prestige, power and education which are approximately the same.
The following criteria of social stratification, according to which the population is divided into strata: the government, education, income and prestige.They are located on the vertical axes and are inextricably linked to each other.Also, all of the criteria of social stratification have their own distinctive dimension.
Income - is the amount of money that gets the family or individual for a specific period of time.This amount of money can be obtained in the form of pensions, salaries, benefits, royalties, alimony, interest on income.Measured by revenue in local currency or in dollars.
When revenues exceed expenses for life, they gradually accumulate and turn into riches.As a rule, it is the heirs.Unlike income from the inheritance it is only that it is obtained working faces, whereas legacy may receive and idle.Accumulated movable or immovable property - this is the main feature of the upper class.The rich may not work, while the lower and middle classes, on the contrary, can not live without a paycheck.The uneven distribution of income and wealth and causes economic inequality in society.
following criterion of social stratification - education.It is measured in years, it gave training in schools and universities.
third criterion - power.The fact whether the person it can be judged by the number of people, which is covered by its decision.The essence of power is the ability to impose its will on others, not because of their desire.But whether this will be carried out - this is the second question.For example, the president's decision applies to several million people, and the decision of the director a small school - a few hundred.In modern society, the power of tradition and is protected by law.She had access to many social benefits and privileges.
People with power (economic, political, religious), the elite of society.It determines the policy in the state and its relations with other countries so that it was profitable.Other classes are deprived of such opportunities.
These criteria of social stratification have quite tangible units: people, years, dollars.But the prestige - a subjective measure.It depends on what profession or are social respect.If a country has not conducted research on the subject by special methods, the prestige of his post is determined approximately.
criteria of social stratification in the complex is determined by the socioeconomic status of a person, that is, his social position.A status in turn determines belonging to a closed society to an open or.In the first case it is not possible in the transition from the stratum stratum.These include caste and class.In an open society are not prohibited move up the social ladder (whether up or down).This system belongs to the class.These are historically established forms of social stratification.
