Nicholas I Pavlovich - the emperor, who ruled from 1825 to 1855 in the Russian Empire.Because of severe corporal punishment, especially in a military environment, given the nickname "Nikolai Palkin," which came to be widely known because of the same story of Leo Tolstoy.
Nikolai first.Biography
Nicholas I was the third son of Maria Feodorovna and Paul I. He received a good education, but more diligence to study did not show.He hated the humanities, but knew the art of war, knew engineering and fond fortification.The soldiers thought of Nicholas arrogant, cruel and cold-blooded.In the army, unfortunately, I did not like.
Nicholas I ascended the throne after the death of her brother Alexander.The second brother Constantine abdicated in his lifetime.However, this solution was kept a secret until the death of Alexander the Great.For this reason, first, Nicholas did not want to accept the will of Alexander.Only after Constantine again gave proof of his abandonment of the throne, Nicholas I issued a manifesto on the accession to the throne.
the first day of the reign of the Senate Square tragic events - the Decembrists revolted.This incident left a deep mark on the soul of Nicholas and instilled in him a fear of free thought.The revolt was successfully suppressed and its leaders executed.Nicholas I was conservative and did not change the political course charted thirty years.
What domestic policy led Nikolai 1?Briefly.
Nicholas I did everything to suppress all manifestations of dissent and freedom.The main objective of the policy was the maximum possible centralization of power.Nicholas I wanted to concentrate in their hands all the levers gosudorstvom.Especially for this was to create a personal stationery, which included six branches:
- the first branch in charge of personal papers;
- second in charge of the legislation;
- Secret Chancellery was the third department.It has the most extensive powers;
- fourth department ruled the emperor's mother;
- fifth outlet engaged in the problems of the peasants;
- the 6th deal with the problems of the Caucasus.
Nicholas I fiercely and stubbornly defended the foundations of autocracy and prevent attempts in any way to change the system.After the revolt of the Decembrists at the Senate Square Nikolai spent in the state event, whose purpose was the eradication of the "revolutionary contagion."Third Division Private Office engaged in political investigation.
bureaucracy would support the throne.Nicholas I did not feel confidence in the nobility as they had been deceived and betrayed him, coming to the Senate Square.The reason lies in the Patriotic War of 1812.It was then that the noblemen held together with ordinary peasants, half of Europe, have seen the difference in living standards between Russia and the West.It rallied estate in Russia.In addition, at this time, there are widespread ideas of Freemasonry, which played an important role in the revolutionary mood.
Nicholas I did a lot in other areas of life.He decided a lot of problems concerning farmers, corruption, development of transport and industry.
