Vital statistics - a measure that determines the amount of change of numerical population as a result of processes such as fertility and mortality.It differs from the mechanical movement (migration) that characterizes the demographic indicators.
When mechanical motion size and structure changing under the influence of migration flows of people who rush from one region to another for economic or social reasons.Most often, people move from less developed countries to the countries that are more developed and socially, and economically.
term "natural movement of population," first appeared in Germany in the XIX century.It is measured by the difference between the number of natural increase and diminution of the population.These data are calculated based on age groups.On the birth and death rates is influenced by the following factors: socio-economic conditions;natural living environment;traditional living conditions.
Indicators Vital are relative and absolute.Absolute assumed:
- number of persons born during the time interval;
- number of persons who died during the time interval;
- natural increase (decrease), is the difference between first and second.
Ratios vital - is mortality, fertility and natural increase, which is calculated by special formulas.With the proper calculation, you can get a clear picture of the vital.These figures vary with the development of society and determine its type.
Scientists have identified three of the demographic transition in the history of mankind.When primitive society the ratio of births and deaths of people was about the same, and population growth has been minimal.This type of reproduction called an archetype.
natural movement of population in the second (traditional) type of demographic increase due to the high birth rate, which is far ahead of mortality.This period lasts until the development of capitalist society.And also captures the period of early capitalism.Finally, modern or rational, the third type - it is a natural movement of the population characterized by low fertility and low mortality.Longer life of the people associated with the development of health and rising living standards.
It should be noted that the changes taking place in the developed countries of Europe, where natural growth reaches 0.1-0.7%, leading to a demographic crisis.As a result, in some European countries mortality ahead of the birth rate, and this is reflected in the depopulation of the peoples of these countries.
natural movement of population in the Third World is stable.Fertility ahead of mortality, despite a difficult economic and social situation.Here, an increase of up to 4%, so the peoples of Latin America as well as Africa and Asia are the main part of the population of the globe.If the Europeans will not take seriously the demographic increase in the level, then after some time they may disappear as a nation.
Natural movement of the population - that is what will make it possible to reconsider their views on many of the problems associated with the demographic crisis in Russia, where the population decline is due to reasons which can be overcome.This total drunkenness, drug addiction, low standard of living, as well as unwillingness to preserve for posterity its own cultural and national traditions.When the wise policy of all of these issues can be resolved.
