in sea and fresh water, as well as wet soil, diatoms grow.Brown these plants give a yellow-brown photosynthetic pigments.The peculiarity of these algae is that their cells are protected by a hard shell exterior - frustuloy (shell).Plants grow both individually and in the colonies.They eat mostly organic substances in the environment.
Diatoms have a unique structure.These cells consist of two flaps (epiteki and hypotheca).The walls feature frustuly pores through which the exchange of substances with the environment.Some plants have a slot-like opening along the shell can be moved using the mucus on the substrate.
multiply algae, like all living organisms, division.Received part of the parent shell, daughter cell begins to actively grow.However, the old frustula captures its ends a new one.Since the solid cell walls have little effect to the subsequent growth of algae in the process of reproduction noticeably shrinking.However, due to the formation auxospore, the contents of plant cells is able to get out of the shell and start a new division.This young generation of diatoms will be significantly larger than the previous one.
species of algae:
- Melozira.This species is found in sea water and in fresh water.Their power is supplied through the process of photosynthesis.These diatoms are mainly used for biological analysis of water, which determines the degree of water pollution.
- Gomfonema.Plants of this type grow in clean waters.They are attached to other algae and various objects at the bottom and build their colonies.This kind of unpretentious to the temperature conditions.For these shellfish algae are nutrient valuable material.
- Plevrosigma.These plants live in the brackish sea waters where serve as food for young fish.
- Sinedra.Diatoms are unicellular this group of plants.They create a colony, its shape reminiscent collected in bunches fan.As part of its "master" they choose green algae or plankton.Habitat sinedry - a river with a slow current and standing water.This type is not suitable for fish nutrition.
- naviculae.These algae can be found everywhere.They appear on the muddy bottom of freshwater bodies, on wet rocks and soil.
- Pinnulyariya.Diatoms of this kind are found in the muddy areas of ponds and rice fields.Due to its high resistance to temperature changes they live in virtually every corner of the planet.Folds plant cells very well preserved in mud.Thanks to this particular population pinnulyarii have high viability.
kelp grow in the Far East and the coast of the northern seas.Their length may be from 2 to 6 meters, and the width - 35 cm.For their livelihoods plants chooses rocky ground.Depending on the climate conditions lifespan algae is from 2 to 4 years.
Propagated kelp spores of which are formed male and female prothallia.They form gametes (sex cells).After the fertilization of the egg cell is born young sporonosyaschaya kelp.
Kelp is widely used in medicine, cooking and cosmetics.
thallus kelp taken for food.From the plants obtained excellent salads, soups, breads and sweets.In cosmetology used oils and algae extracts.The presence of organic iodine compounds can be used for medicinal purposes kelp.The plant contributes to the assimilation of protein, calcium absorption, phosphorus, iron, increases the tone of the blood vessels.
