universally accepted definition of "social intelligence" probably does not exist.More precisely, there are so many interpretations of it used by psychologists of different schools.The concept itself is relatively new, the term was first introduced in the psychological usage in 1920 by American psychologist by the name of Thorndike, who under the social intelligence refers to the ability of the individual to an understanding and vision of the relationship.
In 1994, a group of leading American psychologists attempted to formulate the basic criteria for such a large thing as intelligence.The basic postulates of this definition are:
- By intelligence is meant overall mental capacity of the person, expressed in the ability to solve tasks and adapt to the environment, to think logically, and to learn quickly from experience.
- The formation of his heredity has a more significant role than the environment.
- Intelligence is not the same throughout life.He may develop partially stabilized in adolescence and early adulthood.In the adult human cognitive development, typically reaches a certain level and then undergoes little change.
- intelligence be measured by tests.IQ tests are designed taking into account the influence of age, education, language factors, and are fairly accurate assessment of the scale of intellectual development.However, they are not culturally conditioned, t. E. Able to give an objective assessment of intelligence test from different social groups and strata of society.
Types of intelligence, according to the concept of "multi-intelligence" Mr. Gardner may be different (there are seven).This logical-mathematical intelligence types, verbal-linguistic, visual-spatial.As well as musical and rhythmic, bodily-motor, intrapersonal and interpersonal.
Social intelligence as a concept based on intra- and interpersonal species and involves the development of communication skills, the ability to establish contacts and build relationships, t. E. Characterizes the social sphere development of the individual.The third basic concept is emotional intelligence, t. E. The ability to perceive and correctly interpret their own and others' feelings and to predict the development of relations and actions of others.
Another theory (according to the concept of the English psychologist Eysenck GY) intelligence can be classified as biological, social and psychometric.Moreover, in contrast to biological (genetically determined), social intelligence, according to scientists, it is the result of interaction between man and the environment, and is formed in the process of acquiring experience.
Currently recognized as the most complete classification of J. Guildford are six components.It is the ability to distinguish and correctly interpret verbal and nonverbal messages, establish common patterns for different types of behavior, the relationship between certain aspects of the information capture the logic of the situation in general, and to correctly interpret the behavior of people in different contexts, as well as to foresee the consequences of their own and others' actions.
By R. Selmani social intelligence in its development goes through five stages, each of which is characterized by a new level of self-knowledge, their environment, their friends and parents.
at zero (pre-social) stage in the child's behavior was dominated by egocentrism.The child is not able to distinguish yourself from the outside world, to share their feelings and thoughts, and others.
In the first stage (social) comes awareness of himself as individual and separate from others.In the second stage there is the capacity for reflection.The child is already able to understand the other person and his point of view.Third stage (usually 10-12 years) is characterized by the formation of self-identity, establishing its place in the structure of relations.
the fourth stage comes understanding of the depth and ambiguity of human relationships, awareness enigma of the individual and the existence of several levels of interaction, thus forming the skills of mature behavior.
