ancient Greek scientist Aristotle, a disciple of the great philosopher Plato and mentor of Alexander the Great.He - the creator of a comprehensive system of philosophy, embracing a variety of aspects of human life, physics, logic, politics, sociology.
Ethics antiquity in the works of Aristotle reached its highest development.In addition to being a great thinker for the first time raised the question of autonomy of science that studies the relationships between people, he also created a deep theory of morality.However, his main achievement - writing work titled "Ethics to Nicomachus."In this work he talks about the importance of the science of morality for society, as it allows it to raise virtuous citizens.
«Ethics" Aristotle is based on theology.Ancient thinker says that all people seek meaningful to their purpose, which the philosopher calls the highest good.At the same time the individual desires coincide with the aspirations of the state as a whole.The main objective of both sides is to reach for the good of the whole society and the state.This is possible thanks to intelligent active life of all citizens of society."Ethics" Aristotle first defined the good as happiness.
higher goals can be achieved only through the comprehension of human virtues.Their essence is the ability to choose the right thing to do, based on the principle of "middle", avoiding excesses and lack."Ethics" Aristotle argues that virtue can know.They are understood only by repetitive actions.
Philosopher divides virtues ethical (related to the nature of man, such as restraint, generosity, etc.) And dianoeticheskie (developed in the learning process).These important human traits are not innate qualities, and acquired.
«Ethics" Aristotle describes the eleven virtues by which one can achieve a harmonious development:
- moderation;
- courage;
- stateliness;
- generosity;
- ambition;
- generosity;
- truthfulness;
- evenness;
- friendliness;
- courtesy;
- justice.
philosophical views of Aristotle
Thinker considers being as a living substance, having the following characteristics:
- matter;
- reason;
- form;
- goal.
Matter he sees as objectively existing phenomenon.It is indestructible and uncreatable, that is eternal.Matter can not increase or decrease.It is reflected in the five elements: fire, air, earth, water and air.
According to Aristotle, the form - this is the beginning of formation of the matter of the things that are designed to reach a final good.
Reason describes the point in time at which begins the existence of things.This kind of energy to create something alone.
For all things there is a single goal - the highest good.
Aristotle said about the soul, it is eternal and immortal.The body - this is only its outer shell.The soul according to Aristotle - the internal control of human behavior, the supreme principle of the organization of its existence.
scientist defines God as the beginning of all beginnings and the reason for any movement.Deity is the subject of higher learning.
Politics Aristotle
philosopher states that man can only live in society.Politics is necessary for people to best arrange his life in the state.Its goal - to instill in all citizens of the society moral qualities, allowing to live justly.This is possible thanks to the education of the people of virtue, which is the ability to perform their civic duty and ability to obey the laws.The politician must create the best form of social and political structure that meets this goal.
State - is the highest form of human relations in society.
