In the production process, together with the objects of labor are used simultaneously the means of labor, in other words, fixed assets.These include equipment, machinery, inventory (both hardware and manufacturing), and other means of production through which the activities of the organization.In addition to the durable assets also include structures and buildings, transmission devices, which directly themselves on the subject of work is not affected, however, creates the necessary conditions for the realization of the production process.
To generalize for all groups of non-current assets held classification of fixed assets.All work equipment companies over a long period are involved in production, while maintaining their original cost.But at the same time, they gradually age and wear, and therefore reflect their value to the newly created product.
concept, classification and valuation of fixed assets are very important in accounting.You should know that in order for the property could be attributed to the objects of long-term assets, mandatory subject to the following two conditions:
- their useful lives must be for more than one year;
- must comply with established limit the cost per unit of the means of labor.
Classification of fixed assets is carried out on the basis of several characteristics:
- according to the type of activity (for example, in mechanical engineering will be one long-term assets, in the construction of a completely different, and the third in trade, etc.);
- the nature of business (there are production and non);
- to participate in the process of production and circulation, they are divided into active and passive;
- by the subjects of management, plant and equipment may be owned by the company or leased;
- upon use (which are in use, under construction, in the reserve for conservation).
It should be noted that the concept and classification of fixed assets - is not all that it is desirable to know.Like everything else, the long-term assets of the organization need to be properly detailed account.It is conducted for the purpose of:
- control document and the movement of funds in the context of individual and groups of objects;
- control over their safety and effective use;
- correct and timely determination of depreciation for inclusion in the cost of production;
- reliable accounting purposes of liquidation and write-off of fixed assets;
- accurate and timely reflection of the amounts spent to repair them;
- monitor the integrity and preservation of objects of long-term assets which are mothballed.
Classification of fixed assets provides that they may come from the suppliers to the organization or as a result of construction.In the accounting when you receive funds from the suppliers invoice must be made out (commodity-transport), as well as an act of reception and transmission of the object (possibly groups of objects) of fixed assets.If durable assets obtained as a result of the construction of the organization, the acts of their acceptance and transfer drawn up after its completion.
Besides all of the above long-term assets, organizations can be classified by type: tools, vehicles, equipment, perennial plantations, productive and working cattle and others.It should be noted that this classification of fixed assets by type is the basis of creation of reporting on the actual availability of assets to the motion.
