Few knows no such thing as "electron", but in fact it means "elementary particle."Of course, most people have little idea what it is and why it is needed.On television, in books, in newspapers and magazines, these particles are shown as small dots or beads.Because of this unenlightened people believe that the form of particles, and in fact is spherical, and that they fly freely interact face etc.But such a judgment is fundamentally wrong.The concept of an elementary particle is extremely difficult to comprehend, but it is never too late to try to get at least a very rough idea of the nature of these particles.
At the beginning of the last century, scientists have seriously puzzled as to why the electron does not fall on the nucleus, since, according to Newtonian mechanics, while putting all his energy, he should simply fall into the nucleus.Surprisingly, this is not happening.How to explain it?
fact that physics in its interpretation of the classic and elementary particles - things malosovmestimymi.It is not subject to any laws of ordinary physics, as acting according to the principles of quantum mechanics.The underlying principle here is the uncertainty.He says that it is impossible to accurately and simultaneously identify two related quantities.The more the determined first of them, the less you can define a second.This definition implies quantum correlations, wave-particle duality, tunnel effect, the wave function, and more.
first important factor - is the uncertainty of the coordinate-momentum.Based on the foundations of classical mechanics will be recalled that the concept of momentum and the trajectory of the body are inseparable and always clearly defined.Let's try to move the pattern in the microscopic world.For example, an elementary particle has a precise pulse.Then when you try to determine the trajectory of movement we will face in the indeterminate position.This means that the electron is found immediately at all points of a small amount of space.If you try to focus precisely on the trajectory of its motion, the momentum becomes blurred meaning.
It follows that no matter how hard to define any particular value, the second immediately becomes uncertain.This principle lies at the heart of the wave properties of the particles.The electron has no precise location.One can say that it is simultaneously in all the points of the space, which is limited by the wavelength.This representation allows us to more clearly understand what constitutes an elementary particle.
A similar uncertainty arises in the ratio of energy-time.The particle interacts constantly, even in the presence of the physical vacuum.This interaction lasted for some time.If we imagine that this figure is more or less defined, the energy then becomes undetectable.This violates accepted laws of conservation of energy embedded in small spaces.
presented pattern generates low-energy particles - photons fundamental fields.This field is not a continuous substance.It consists of very small particles.The interaction between them is ensured by the emission of photons, which are absorbed by other particles.This maintains the level of energy and form stable elementary particles which can not fall into the nucleus.
elementary particles essentially inseparable, but different mass and its specific characteristics.Therefore, certain classifications have been developed.For example, the type of interaction can be identified hadrons and leptons.Hadrons in turn, are divided into mesons, which consist of two quarks, and baryons, in which structure there are three quarks.The most known baryons - the neutrons and protons it.
elementary particles and their properties allow you to select two classes: bosons (with integer and zero spin) fermions (with half-integer spin).Each particle has its antiparticle of opposite characteristics.Sustainability is only protons and neutrons leptons.All other particles are subject to decay and become stable particles.
