Ancient Greece is the birthplace of many arts, including theater, emerged at the turn of 4-5 centuries BCThe word "theater" is of Greek origin and it translates literally as "spectacle."The time of origin of theatrical art called classical era, perceived as a kind of standard and sample.The very ancient Greek theater did not come out of nowhere.For many hundreds of years, one of the most important events in the cultural life of the country was a feast of the god Dionysus.At the heart of it lay religious ceremonies and symbolic games associated with the rebirth of nature after the long winter.In the Greek capital since the end of the 4th century BCeach year, on a certain day early spring staged comedy, tragedy and drama, dedicated to this event.These theatrical performances were held in time, not only in Athens, but also in other parts of the country, a little later, they were recognized as a mandatory part of every public holiday.Choice productions involved city officials, they were appointed as judges who evaluated the work of "actors".The winners received prizes.Thus, the theater has become an integral part of any celebration.
first bore the name of the ancient Greek theater of Dionysus and was located in the open air on one of the slopes of the Acropolis.This facility is being built only on the staging of plays and holds a fairly large number of spectators.All visual lodges, as well as the scene of his were made of wooden planks.Being in such structures was very unsafe.Thus, the extant information about that at the time of the seventieth Olympiad (499 BC), wooden seats spectators almost completely fallen down.After this tragedy, it was decided to begin construction of a good stone theater.
In the 4th century BCwas elevated to the second Greek theater, its appearance has changed several times over the years of existence.Stone Theatre of Dionysus was a fine example of Greek art and architecture served as a model for all the others that have appeared in the following theaters.According to some reports, the diameter of its scenes (orhestry) is not less than 27 meters.First, all the visual space located directly around the stage at which the theatrical act.However, those wishing to attend the performances were so many that we had to make some place far beyond its walls.As a result, some of the spectators come to witness the performances sitting far enough away from the scene itself.
ancient theater is very different from the present, not only performances, but also interior decoration.So, its actors were on the stage erected at rows of spectators.Only a few centuries later, the scene began to make upbeat.Curtain in the ancient theater is also not there.The first visual ranks usually allocated to influential people, the authorities and their approximate.Ordinary people had to borrow the best seats at a great distance from orhestry.
Theatre of Ancient Greece was under the full protection of the state.Organizations of all representations involved senior officials - the Archons.Maintenance costs, as well as the training of actors, singers, etc.They lay on the shoulders of wealthy citizens of the city, which became known as choregos.The profession of an actor and playwright in ancient Greece were considered very honorable.Many actors of theater at the turn of 4-5 centuries BCoccupied by senior officials, engaged in politics.
should be noted that women play in the Greek theaters were not allowed.Their roles are always performed by men.The actor was not only well-read the text, but also to be able to dance and sing.The basis of the appearance of the Greek hero of the play was a mask that fits over the face playing on the stage, and a wig.That mask is transferred all his basic emotions and experiences that allow viewers to distinguish positive from negative character, etc.
Greek Theatre initiated the development of the European theater art in general.Even in the modern theater still respected its basic principles, both in architecture and in the performance of the actors.He gave the world a dramatic dialogue, the participation of live actors, are essential to the existence of the theatrical art as such.
