Results of the reign of Peter 1 was so great, majestic, many historians is justified to divide the history of Russian pre-Petrine and post-Petrine era.Drinking this emperor was both a stumbling block and a bone of contention for researchers.It has divided scientists into two camps: one approving the conversion of Peter and condemn them.
So, first consider that foreign and domestic policies of Peter the Great was a strong impetus to the progress of the country.The second, on the contrary, believe that their actions only to the emperor secured serfdom and feudalism, and the violent break-up of established traditions and way of life entailed remaining shocks that occurred during his reign.
Whatever it was, the internal policy of Peter 1 touched virtually all spheres of society.
One of the major reforms of the emperor - to change the state system of governance.Yet in 1708 the country was divided into eight big provinces to strengthen the power of the field.Provinces were divided into provinces, and the provinces, in turn - into districts.
After the battle of Poltava, he completely reformed the authorities (both local and central).In 1711, the Senate replaced the Boyar Duma.Nine elected Peter dignitaries to swear, and he also wrote and managed the finances of the state, create new laws.In 1722 Peter 1 also appointed Attorney General.
In the period from 1718 to 1721 10 boards replaced 50 orders.Each board was engaged in a particular industry.Spiritual affairs, for example, was in charge of the Synod, created in 1721.
A proclamation in 1721 by Emperor Peter 1 finally strengthened his power as unlimited, autocratic monarch.
Domestic Policy Peter 1 has led to social change.According to the decree on primogeniture, published in 1714, and the estate noble boyar estates were considered one and the same.He combined the two into a single class, whose members were called nobles.The same decree obliged to betray the estate to one of his sons inherited.Also, the nobles were instructed to serve in the navy, army or in government.
In 1722 was published the Table of Ranks, who shared in the service court, military and civilian.Ranks was fourteen, and rise above it was possible only after passing the next stage.
entire population, except for members of the clergy and nobility, to pay taxes to the state, the so-called "poll tax" (separately for each individual male, the age and capacity for work were not taken into account).We pay taxes and urban artisans, who, besides, had written to the shops.Also, since 1724, without the written permission of the landowner farmer could not go to work in another locality.And at the same time across the country were selected all the poor, the sick, the crippled and sent to the monasteries or the poorhouse.
Thus, gradually formed a new building of a society based on the principle of the Estates and managed by the state law.
Peter 1 Domestic policy hardly touched agriculture.It did not stop the development of new lands, new breeding livestock, cultivation of new varieties of crops.Peasant duties established not by law, but by the landowners, so the serfs were often under tremendous oppression.
Domestic Policy Peter 1 does not always lead to positive changes.This was due primarily to the absence of a special plan for the various reforms.Often it happened so that by prescription in time were not justified and abolished, and instead created and immediately introduced new.
