Not long ago, the general public became aware of the existence of a covert organization of Freemasons, operating more than one century.What is a union?Who are Freemasons?What are the goals they pursue?Questions in this regard can be myriad.Let's try to answer the most important of them.
How did Freemasonry?
This movement of a religious-ethical nature, originated in England in the 18th century, and later spread to the United States, India and European countries.This doctrine of the brotherhood of people united by a love of equality and mutual assistance.It is believed that Freemasonry - this award as it is an organized human society.
In 1717 in England created "Grand Lodge" - a cradle of brotherhood.It manages all of the Masonic society organizations, located in different countries.Six years later, James Anderson, a preacher from London, creates a "Book of Rules", defining the basic rules of conduct for members of the organization.In her Freemason should not be an atheist or freethinker, he was prohibited from taking part in political movements.He has the full support of the current government.
Who are Freemasons?
The association has received wide popularity among the bourgeoisie, its members often became prominent thinkers of the time.Over time, Freemasonry has acquired aristocratic character, this trend is particularly noticeable in Europe.Who are Freemasons?These are people who seek spiritual growth and moral self-improvement within the framework of certain principles and beliefs.
In the ranks of the Order including such famous figures as the Prussian King Frederick II and III, the Swedish king Gustav III, the British crowned heads.Among Masons were some US presidents (Washington, Truman et al.), Statesmen (Churchill), famous philosophers, writers and composers (Goethe, Haydn, Voltaire, Mozart).
What are the goals set itself the Order?
Their goal - to do everything possible to qualitatively improve the world.
organization itself in opposition to the current church.It sought to create a secret society whose members are united by fraternal religious ties, live and work in accordance with the intended objectives.
Order does not seek to replace religion, he did not publish theological works.At meetings of the company is strictly forbidden to debate on religious themes.With all this faith in God - the basis of the principles and doctrines.
Activities brotherhood
dealt with the question of who the Masons, not to mention the main direction of their activities.Members of the public are actively involved in charity, they are engaged in patronage, but it does not advertise itself.
hierarchy
Members of the organization are combined on a territorial basis, forming a small box of 40-50 people.Among themselves they call each other brothers.All factions of the Order together form the Grand Lodge.Her head and the head of a great master or grandmaster.Grand Lodge Usually available in each country.
The lowest level in the hierarchy of the Order - the pupil.This is followed by an apprentice, followed by the master, and in the end, the great master.
Russian Masons
founder of the Order in Russia are considered to be the king of Peter and his associates.In the forties of the 18th century General John Keith organized several lodges, the first members of which were foreigners.Soon, however, the number of Russian bourgeoisie, representing the Order of Freemasons, has increased significantly.
In 1822, by decree of Alexander I lodges were closed.In the early 20th century Masonic movement in Russia was reborn, but under a new name - "Grand Orient de France," and had a pronounced political character.Since 1917 lodges were banned altogether.
