Seven Years' War 1756-1763 is considered one of the major military conflicts in the New Era.It took place both in Europe and overseas: in the states of the Caribbean, North America, the Philippines and India.This conflict involved all the great countries of Europe, the majority of small and medium-sized European states, some Indian tribes.Seven Years' War, Winston Churchill called "First World."It is also called the colonial and, due to the fact that the conflict was noted clash colonial interests in Spain, France, Great Britain.
In Europe, the main conflict was due to Silesia between Prussia and Austria, which last lost in previous battles.
Seven Years' War, the causes of which were largely associated with the Anglo-French colonial rivalry in North America, began long before its official announcement.The conflict marked the beginning of a breach of the current European system of military-political alliances.Thus, Britain formally declared war in 1756 France launched an international reorientation of some European countries.
But soon there was a third force.In Prussia, came to power Friedrich II.Since then, the state has become the claim to be the leading power in the European policy.
Strengthening Prussia due to be taken away from the Austrian Silesia in Russia was perceived as a threat to its western borders and interests in Northern Europe and the Baltic states.Russian participation in the war largely determined the treaty of alliance with Austria.
Frederick II, without waiting for his opponents take any action, in 1756, on August 28, suddenly invaded Saxony, allied with Austria, and occupied it.Beginning in 1757 marked the entry of the Prussian army in Bohemia.May 6 Austrians were defeated in Prague.Friedrich after this victory was going to immediately move to Vienna, but his plans were prevented by the Austrian army.In 1757, June 18, the Austrians under the command of L. Down inflicted a heavy defeat on the Prussians, thus dispelling the prevailing myth of their invincibility.Due to the failure in the battle, Frederick II was forced to leave Prague and deposited back to Saxony.
In 1757, in October, the flying squad Hadikov briefly captures Berlin (the capital of Prussia).To defend the city and take the threat from the country, Frederick II throws his army in Silesia.December 5 Prussians defeat the Austrians at Leuthen.Thus, it has been "fighting draw."
Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War began in the summer of 1757.Russian army commanded Apraksin.For the state, the Seven Years War was a success.Thus, in the course of the fighting, with the support of the Baltic Fleet body Fermor took Memel, the clash of the main forces of the Russian army to the Prussians at the Gross-Egersdorf ended with the defeat of Frederick.
In 1759, August 12, the Prussian army was defeated in the battle of kunersdorf.This and other injury forced Frederick II to address a proposal to England to establish a peaceful congress.However, the proposal has not been realized due to the intransigence of Austria and Russia.These two powers hoped to use the victory in 1759 in a subsequent campaign for the application to finish the attack Prussia.
Thus, hostilities continued.
1761 was not marked by any significant battles.At this time, the Seven Years War was fought largely maneuvering.
At the same time, and Frederick himself, the rest of Europe does not believe that Prussia could avoid defeat.It was clear that the resources of a small country commensurate with the strength of opponents.
While Friedrich begins to look for ways to peace talks in the Russian die Elizabeth.Instead, it takes the throne of Peter 3. As a longtime admirer of Frederick, Emperor of Russia signed the St. Petersburg world with him, refusing to voluntarily from all gains.This act Peter 3 and all its policies have caused strong indignation in the Russian society.Emperor lost popularity and eventually was ousted.
Ends Seven Years' War as a result of exhaustion of the warring parties in 1763.
