Tatarstan - one of the most distinctive regions of the Russian Federation.Culture of the region is of interest both within the country and in the rest of the world.There is no doubt that there are some Tatar holidays that are unique.As the culture of all these people, they are of particular interest.
Traditions edge
in Russia more difficult to find a subject that is so carefully guarded to our national memory and to transmit it from generation to generation.Tatar traditions originate in ancient times, intertwined with religion, they give the output the very unique culture.
Examples peculiar only for Tatarstan things it can be called special ceremonies at birth (includes a set of successive rituals - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy) courtship groom the bride (from here came to be knownthe whole country a ritual as dowry), weddings (this ritual took place in several stages and could last up to six months).
faith and rites
Tatars - old followers of the Islamic religion.Islam strongly penetrated into the very essence of this nation and thus have a huge impact on her identity.Islamic traditions are alive today, and therefore it is not surprising that the Tatar national holidays of a religious nature is actively celebrated in our days.To indicate the celebrations associated with the faith, even here there are some - Gaeta and Bairam.Special reverence religious holidays are devoted to fasting, sacrifice and important dates in the life of the Prophet Muhammad.
Spring holidays
Spring - a special time in the life of the Tatar people.This time of year always brings welcome warmth that regardless of religion has long been regarded as the beginning of something new, the return to life of nature.Therefore, it is clear that in this season marked a fairly large Tatar national holidays.One of the oldest such celebrations called "Kara Boz Boz bug" and is associated with the long-awaited thaw.As you know, the first thing that brings with it a thaw - a gathering of ice from water bodies, so this event is usually celebrated as the first victory of spring over winter overstayers away.
Spring New Year
These days, perhaps the most important spring holiday Novruz Bayram is - the triumph over the vernal equinox.In fact, in this day of the lunar Muslim calendar begins the real New Year's Eve.In Tatarstan, the specified day is celebrated in a big way, decided to celebrate it in a circle of family, while on the table must be present dishes of beans, peas, rice.For all the people of these special celebrations, they carried out noisily and happily that was believed to bring good luck and happiness for the whole year.In short, the Tatar spring festival runs in families, contributing to the strengthening of family ties.
Hydyrlez
ancient culture of many nations in one way or another connected with cattle breeding and agriculture.No exception, and Tatars.Long since they were in high esteem craft shepherd.Pastoral traditions of Tatar full Hydyrlez holiday, marks the beginning of May.In ancient times, this special celebration to honor and noted, usually two or three days.
as rites in this festival is obliged to present a special production of bread - Kalak, which is baked in hot ashes.The main celebrations take place on the occasion Hydyrleza evening.Traditional element for these celebrations - bonfires, through which the jump both adults and children.On Hydyrlez Tatars decided to start spring pastoral work, which again refers to the ancient occupation of the people.It is said that this celebration is also very popular among the Crimean Tatars and related Gagauz.
Sabantuy
No celebration is known outside the country as Sabantuy - Tatar holiday devoted to the beginning of agricultural work.Now mark this celebration June 23, but in ancient times, the date chosen elders, elders selected villages.Shortly before the start of the holiday the children were sent to the guests with a request to give them treats.The collected food kids brought home, and already there is the female half of the family prepare them for the morning refreshments table.In particular, attention was paid to the holiday mess, this rite called "Rooks porridge."After breakfast we started the celebrations, the first of which - the collection of eggs children.Further, these eggs painted in different colors.In the houses of baked buns, pretzels, small balls of dough - baursaks.
main celebrations should take place in the squares (Tatar - "Maidan").One of the most famous races - the fight in the sashes, kuresh.At the same time they are running competition where all participants are distributed by age groups.Match races are completed.
Today Sabantuy - Tatar holiday, which received the status of the main national celebration of Tatarstan.It is celebrated not only in villages but also in the areas of large cities.Also began a talent contests among the singers and dancers.
Zhyen
Traditional festivals Tatar people often are without justification associated with the beginning of a stage in the farming processes.It is no exception Zhyen - a celebration to mark the completion of work in the field and start mowing hay.In ancient times Zhyen celebrated after returning home, the elders of the Tatar villages, who came home after kurultays (general meetings of the tops of various Tatar community).However, over time a tradition of this celebration has changed.Residents of some villages were invited to their other neighbors.The guests brought with them gifts: food, decorations, handicrafts made of wood and metal products from fabric, painted on a special occasion carriages went to the celebration.For every new guests covered the holiday table.Total dinner starts when the presence of all the guests.
Zhyen also be called a kind of celebration for the bride and groom.In Tatar traditions there are very few festivals, in which both boys and girls can freely communicate with each other.Zhyen - one of those holidays.At mass festivities young people trying to find a mate, and their parents, in turn, is also trying to find a decent game for kids.
Salamat
Among the traditional festivals of Tatarstan, which is celebrated in the autumn, the most notable Salamat - a celebration dedicated to the end of the harvest.The name of the holiday was the main ceremonial feast table, cereal Salamatty.It is made of wheat flour and cooked in milk.This dish is made the female part of the family, the male half of this time invited to visit relatives and friends.Then all gathered at the banquet table, where in addition to porridge present dishes from those products that just were collected.As a treat after eating all relied tea.
Ramadan
Culture of Tatarstan, as has become apparent, involves intertwining of Islam.So the people in the region consider it their religious duty of fasting during the ninth, the holy month of the Islamic calendar, which is called Ramadan.
Post - one of the many pillars of Islam.In fact, this month is none other than the self-cleaning time for the faithful both physically and spiritually.Post (or soum) involves abstaining from eating, liquids, alcohol, smoking, intimate contact.The ban on that last from dawn to dusk every day of the holy month.All these measures should encourage the faithful to renounce sinful intentions and bad intentions.
soum required to comply with all adults and healthy Muslims, regardless of gender.Relief in the post may be obtained only travelers, as well as women (due to menstruation and lactation).As repay the favors they have to somehow help the other fasting.Tatar traditions honored fasting.Ramadan ends with a large-scale celebration called Eid al-Fitr.
Eid
month following Ramadan, Shawwal is.His first day - a celebration of Eid al-Fitr, the celebration marking the end of fasting.On that day, the believer finally waiting for this long-awaited break their fast after a grueling post.Like other religious Tatar holidays, Eid al-Fitr is under a first one of the stages of self-purification for the faithful and promotes the formation of strong family ties.On this day people gather as one big family and spend time, so from morning to evening, because in the ancient Muslim beliefs, come to this meeting and the souls of dead relatives.
Overall, a very joyous celebration marked shade, all the hoped that the Eid will bring them happiness and prosperity for the entire next year.On the day it should break their fast stir entertainment events, and in the cities fairs are held with active trade.
Eid
Tatar holidays can not be adequately described without mention of such a celebration as Eid al-Adha.It is celebrated every year from 10 to 13 day of the Muslim month of Dhul Hijjah,.It is based on the end of the Hajj - the pilgrimage to the holy Islamic religious shrines.This holiday implies a sacrifice for the sake of Allah.Eid al-Adha - the largest religious celebration not only in Tatarstan, but also throughout the Muslim world.
This festival goes back to the biography of one of the prophets of the Koran - Ibrahim.According to legend, once the Almighty made him a challenge: to prove their love for him, Ibrahim was obliged to sacrifice his beloved son to heaven, Ismail.Ibrahim was steadfast in its determination to carry out this order, but because the Almighty, believed in the intention of the prophet, and not wishing the death of his son, Ismail allowed to leave alive, but instead to sacrifice the animal.
Since Muslims to honor Abraham feat on Eid al-Adha perform the ritual slaughter of the animal.The meaning of this ritual is to follow the model of one of the most famous religious prophets, who in the love of the Almighty was ready for the ultimate sacrifice.The meat of the animal after the offering is usually divided into three parts.One goes to those who suffer, the other - the family of believers, and the third one a Muslim can keep.
«Those born sun»
December 25 - a special day in terms of the Tatar traditions.This day is celebrated Nardugan (in translation from the Tatar - "born of the Sun"), which, like the Novruz Bayram, can be regarded as another New Year's holiday.This is primarily the youth celebration.The main element of the festival - traditional dances and songs.Young people, as usual, go home, where with the permission of the owners they represent the best holiday accommodation.Dance is a part of several cycles: greeting, thanks to owners, fortunetelling dances, farewell.A special part of the celebrations should become a costume show.The dances and songs of young people have tried every possible way to placate evil spirits - devils.In all sorts of beliefs, the outcome of the next agricultural cycle is fully depended on these very devils, so if you please them, they will not interfere with harvesting.To do this, we performed dances such as linear, dancing sheep, dancing dogs.These rituals exist today in some Tatar villages.
Public Holidays
Tatarstan in our time - an essential constituent of the Russian Federation.However, this region has long aspired to self-government and independence.Having lost its sovereignty in 1552, the Kazan Khanate was incorporated into the Muscovite state, later transformed into the Russian Empire.In the state of these lands it was called simply - Kazan province, about any hint of renaming Tatarstan out of the question.
only in 1920 Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was allocated as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.August 30, 1990 was an attempt to gain independence: on this day the Supreme Council of Tatarstan has decided to declare the state sovereignty of the Republic.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the region has decided to remain within the Russian Federation as one of its entities - the Republic of Tatarstan.However, since August 30 is celebrated as the Day of Tatarstan republic education.This date is a republic-wide public holiday and the main state holiday region.The other Tatar holidays coincide with the state-level all-Russian - it is Victory Day, International Women's Day, Labor Day, the Day of Defender of the Fatherland.
unique traditions
Summing up, one can only wonder variety of Tatar culture.In fact, it was weaved everything: people's experiences, historical memories, religious influences and contemporary events.One can hardly find another such a people with such a diversity of events.With the last statement is not necessary to argue - where else in Russia, you can celebrate New Year three times?So one conclusion: Tatar culture deserves prosperity and subsequent transmission to the younger generations.
